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Sexual health

Sildenafil: the research history.

Sildenafil connects three different HealthRX.com formats: an oral tablet, TEMPO’s sublingual blend, and a topical arousal cream. The ingredient’s oral trial history is only one branch of that map.

8,211records matching the ingredient search
3connected formulations
7displayed publication records

How the research connects to the formula

The 1998 trials displayed here tested oral sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. Their outcomes concern that route and condition. A topical cream or a four-ingredient sublingual blend is a different formulation.

TEMPO contains sildenafil alongside tadalafil, vardenafil and apomorphine. The arousal cream combines it with aminophylline, ergoloid and pentoxifylline. Neither ingredient list, by itself, establishes the combination’s clinical result.

Current HealthRX.com formulation map
ProductListed formulationConnected ingredient research
Prescription Arousal CreamAminophylline / Ergoloid / Pentoxifylline / SildenafilAminophylline · Ergoloid · Pentoxifylline · Sildenafil
TEMPO 4-in-1Apomorphine / Sildenafil / Tadalafil / VardenafilApomorphine · Sildenafil · Tadalafil · Vardenafil
Sildenafil50mg / 100mgSildenafil

Publication history

When the ingredient appeared in the literature

The chart counts records mentioning the search terms in their title or abstract. It includes research beyond sexual health. Use the period controls to inspect the count.

2026: 191 indexed publications. 2026 includes publications dated through October 5. The earlier bars cover longer periods than the annual bars.

View the chart as a data table
PeriodPublications
1900-19590
1960-19690
1970-19790
1980-19890
1990-1999254
2000-20093064
2010-20141604
2015-20191499
2020307
2021308
2022229
2023242
2024256
2025257
2026191
Search query and data source

Source: Europe PMC’s PubMed-indexed records. Retrieved October 5, 2026. The index’s firstPublicationDate field supplies the dates and chart periods; it can normalize a month-only record to the first day of the month. Dates through October 5 are included. Counts can change as the index adds or corrects records.

TITLE_ABS:(sildenafil) AND SRC:MED AND FIRST_PDATE:[1900-01-01 TO 2026-10-05]

Open this literature search · Download the data

Dated publications

Read individual records in context

The timeline combines selected references with a sample from the ingredient search. Dates use the index’s firstPublicationDate field; the PubMed record may distinguish an earlier online date from the print date. Written study notes appear alongside the records that have them. Other entries show the indexed bibliography and link to the paper.

Clinical Trial · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Multicenter Study · Randomized Controlled Trial · Journal Article

Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group.

Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA. The New England journal of medicine. PMID 9580646.

Study design
Two randomized placebo-controlled trials
What was tested
Oral sildenafil for erectile dysfunction.
What was reported
The trials measured erectile-function outcomes, including intercourse success.
How it connects to the catalog
Oral sildenafil evidence is relevant to that ingredient and route. It does not establish the results of a four-ingredient sublingual product or a topical arousal cream.
Read the PubMed record · Publisher record

Study comparison

PublicationDesign and regimenReported findingInterpretation
1998-05-01: Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group.Two randomized placebo-controlled trials. Oral sildenafil for erectile dysfunction.The trials measured erectile-function outcomes, including intercourse success.Oral sildenafil evidence is relevant to that ingredient and route. It does not establish the results of a four-ingredient sublingual product or a topical arousal cream.
2002-06-01: Sildenafil for male erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic review and meta-analysis, 27 trials and 6,659 men. Randomized controlled trials of sildenafil for erectile dysfunction.In the pooled flexible as-needed dosing trials, successful intercourse attempts were 57% with sildenafil and 21% with placebo.The quoted percentages come from a subset of the pooled trials. A meta-analysis is a synthesis of trial results, not an additional trial of a HealthRX.com blend.

Questions that shape the comparison

Does the source study the listed route? Is the endpoint erectile function, desire, arousal or another measure?

Source records

Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group.Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA.The New England journal of medicine. 1998-05-01. PMID 9580646. Clinical Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal Article.
Sildenafil for male erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Fink HA, Mac Donald R, Rutks IR, Nelson DB, Wilt TJ.Archives of internal medicine. 2002-06-01. PMID 12076233. Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Journal Article.
Sildenafil Positivity and Chronic Cardiac Pathology in Men Who Died of Ischemic Heart Disease: An Age- and Sex-Matched Postmortem Case-Control Study.Özkök A, Seçkin Ö, Dinçer B, Özsoy S, Akar T.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2026-07-30. PMID 42587637. research-article, Journal Article.
A phase 1, open-label, within-participant dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of topical sildenafil cream in healthy postmenopausal women.Cornell K, Johnson I, Thurman A, Friend D.Menopause (New York, N.Y.). 2026-08-25. PMID 42639865. Journal Article.
An open-label, single-dose, randomized, parallel-group study of the safety and relative bioavailability of topical sildenafil cream vs oral sildenafil in healthy male adults.Cornell K, Johnson I, Thurman A, Friend D.Sexual medicine. 2026-09-07. PMID 42707701. research-article, Journal Article.
CYP3A5 genetic variability influences sildenafil and metabolite in pulmonary hypertension.Wongwien P, Pussadhamma B, Kanjanawart S, Areesinpitak T, Nakkam N, Foocharoen C, Tassaneeyakul W, Vannaprasaht S.British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2026-09-18. PMID 42760608. Journal Article.
PDE5 inhibition restores mitochondrial function and improves neurobehavioral outcomes after repeated mild blast TBI.Kilgore MO, Ye S, Oyelami F, Alareidi A, Gard J, Johnson LA, Velmurugan GV, Hubbard WB.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics. 2026-09-18. PMID 42759178. research-article, Journal Article.

Research data assembled by HealthRX.com from the displayed source records, October 5, 2026. The atlas contains a dated literature search and selected studies; it is not an exhaustive systematic review.