Jardiance Cost in Connecticut 2026: Prices, Insurance, Medicaid, and Compounded Options

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At a glance

  • Brand name / generic: Jardiance (empagliflozin), no FDA-approved generic as of mid-2025
  • Connecticut retail list price 2026: approximately $680/month
  • CT Medicaid status: covered with prior authorization (type 2 diabetes, HF, CKD indications)
  • Manufacturer savings card: eligible commercially insured CT patients may pay as low as $10/month
  • Compounded empagliflozin 503A legality in CT: permitted through licensed 503A pharmacies
  • Telehealth prescribing in CT: permitted, a Connecticut-licensed prescriber can order via telehealth
  • Approved doses: 10 mg and 25 mg oral tablets, taken once daily
  • Key CV evidence: EMPA-REG OUTCOME showed 38% relative risk reduction in cardiovascular death
  • FDA-approved indications: type 2 diabetes, heart failure (HFrEF and HFpEF), chronic kidney disease

What Is Empagliflozin and Why Does Cost Matter in Connecticut?

Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor approved by the FDA for three distinct indications: type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure regardless of ejection fraction, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) at risk of progression. The FDA label for Jardiance covers all three, making it one of the few single agents with broad cardiorenal protection across specialties.

Cost is not a trivial concern. Branded medications in this drug class carry list prices that can exceed a typical Connecticut worker's weekly take-home pay. Connecticut has a higher cost of living than most states, and uninsured or underinsured patients face the full retail price without additional support. Understanding every available pathway, commercial insurance tiers, Medicaid, manufacturer savings programs, and licensed compounded alternatives, is the most direct way to reduce out-of-pocket exposure.

The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (N=7,020) published in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death by 38% (hazard ratio 0.62; 95% CI 0.49, 0.77; P<0.001) compared with placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. [1] That magnitude of benefit explains why clinicians and payers treat Jardiance as a preferred agent rather than an add-on, and why access questions carry real clinical weight.

Separate evidence from the EMPEROR-Reduced trial (N=3,730) showed that empagliflozin cut the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure by 25% (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.65, 0.86; P<0.001) in patients with HFrEF, extending the drug's relevance well beyond glycemic control. [2]

The EMPA-KIDNEY trial (N=6,609) then demonstrated a 28% reduction in the risk of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64, 0.82; P<0.001) in patients with CKD, including those without type 2 diabetes. [3]

Jardiance List Price vs. Actual Cash Price in Connecticut 2026

The retail list price for Jardiance in Connecticut is approximately $680 per month for a 30-tablet supply of either the 10 mg or 25 mg strength. That figure reflects Boehringer Ingelheim's published wholesale acquisition cost and has changed only modestly since 2024 because no FDA-approved generic empagliflozin existed as of mid-2025.

Cash-pay patients who shop GoodRx or NeedyMeds coupons at major Connecticut chains (CVS, Walgreens, Stop and Shop Pharmacy, Rite Aid) may find prices ranging from $620 to $680 before any discount program is applied. Coupon prices fluctuate weekly, so checking multiple platforms on the day of fill is worth the five minutes it takes.

No biosimilar or generic empagliflozin has received FDA approval. The FDA's Orange Book lists Jardiance patents extending through the late 2020s, which means the branded price is unlikely to drop substantially at the retail level in the near term. [4] Patients who cannot access savings programs face the full list price unless an alternative pathway, Medicaid, low-income subsidy, or compounded formulation, is available.

The American Diabetes Association's 2024 Standards of Care in Diabetes describe cost as "a critical determinant of medication adherence" and recommend that clinicians "actively discuss affordability and access resources at every prescribing visit." [5] That guidance applies directly to empagliflozin, where the gap between list price and patient cost can exceed $600 per month depending on coverage status.

Connecticut Medicaid Coverage for Jardiance

Connecticut Medicaid (HUSKY Health) covers empagliflozin for type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and CKD, but requires prior authorization (PA) for all three indications. [6] The PA process involves the prescriber submitting clinical documentation, typically a recent HbA1c, eGFR, or echocardiogram report, to confirm the patient meets the criteria written into the state's preferred drug list (PDL).

Approval timelines for PA in Connecticut average five to ten business days when complete documentation is submitted. Expedited review (24 to 72 hours) is available when a prescriber certifies that standard timelines would harm the patient. Denials can be appealed through the standard Medicaid fair-hearing process.

Once approved, HUSKY Health members typically pay $0 to $3 per fill, because Connecticut Medicaid caps most copayments at $3 for preferred drugs on the PDL. The total out-of-pocket burden drops from $680 to near zero for qualifying enrollees. Patients who are dual-eligible (Medicare + Medicaid) may have their cost covered entirely through the Low-Income Subsidy (LIS/Extra Help) program administered by CMS. [7]

Prescribers should submit PA requests with the following supporting data at minimum: confirmed diagnosis code (E11.x for type 2 diabetes, I50.x for heart failure, N18.x for CKD), most recent lab values, and documentation that the patient has tried or has a clinical contraindication to first-line generic alternatives where applicable.

Commercial Insurance Tiers and Jardiance in Connecticut

Most commercial insurance plans sold through Access Health CT (the state exchange) and large employer plans in Connecticut place Jardiance on Tier 3 (non-preferred brand) or Tier 2 (preferred brand) depending on the formulary. Tier 3 copayments range from $45 to $100 per 30-day fill after deductible; Tier 2 copayments range from $30 to $60. [8]

High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) are common in Connecticut's employer market. Patients on an HDHP pay the full contracted rate, typically $400 to $550 per month, until their deductible is met, after which the plan's cost-share applies. That deductible-phase exposure is where the Boehringer Ingelheim / Lilly savings card delivers the most value (see the section below).

Patients covered by Medicare Part D face a different structure. Under the Inflation Reduction Act drug price negotiation provisions that took effect in 2026, empagliflozin was not among the first ten drugs selected for direct negotiation, so Part D plans in Connecticut continue to place Jardiance on their formulary tiers at contracted (not negotiated) prices. The IRA's $2,000 annual out-of-pocket cap on Part D does limit total exposure for Medicare beneficiaries starting in 2025. [9] For a patient paying $500 per month, the cap means out-of-pocket costs stop after approximately four fills.

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation's analysis of Part D formulary data found that SGLT2 inhibitors were covered on at least one plan tier by over 95% of Part D plans nationally, though cost-sharing varied considerably. [10] Connecticut-specific plan data is searchable through Medicare's Plan Finder at medicare.gov.

How the Boehringer Ingelheim / Lilly Savings Card Works in Connecticut

The Jardiance savings card (also called the Jardiance Savings Offer) is available to commercially insured patients in Connecticut who are not enrolled in any federal or state government insurance program, including Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, TRICARE, or VA benefits. Eligibility is self-attested at the point of enrollment.

Eligible patients may pay as little as $10 per 30-day fill, with an annual savings cap that Boehringer Ingelheim has set at $4,800 per calendar year as of 2025. [11] The card covers the gap between the patient's copay and the cap amount, applied at the pharmacy counter. Enrollment takes under five minutes at jardiance.com or through a QR code on the medication packaging.

The savings card does not work at any pharmacy that bills the government, so federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) that use 340B pricing cannot combine 340B discounts with the savings card. At standard retail pharmacies in Connecticut (CVS, Walgreens, Costco Pharmacy), the card processes automatically once enrolled.

Patients who exceed the $4,800 annual cap return to their standard copay for the remainder of that calendar year. A 30-day supply rather than a 90-day supply maximizes card usage for patients who are uncertain whether they will stay on the medication long-term.

Compounded Empagliflozin in Connecticut: Legal Status and Cost

Compounded empagliflozin prepared by a state-licensed 503A pharmacy is legal in Connecticut. A 503A pharmacy compounds medications for individual patients based on a valid prescription from a licensed prescriber. The compound may not be an exact copy of a commercially available product, so a compounding pharmacist typically prepares empagliflozin in a different concentration, vehicle, or combination than the FDA-approved 10 mg and 25 mg tablets. [12]

The cost difference is substantial. Compounded empagliflozin from a 503A pharmacy may cost $60 to $150 per month depending on the compounding pharmacy and formulation, compared with the $680 list price for branded Jardiance. Some telehealth platforms that specialize in cardiometabolic conditions have established relationships with 503A pharmacies and may offer compounded empagliflozin at prices below $100 per month.

There are three key regulatory points Connecticut patients and prescribers should understand before pursuing compounded empagliflozin. First, the compound must be prepared pursuant to a valid patient-specific prescription, bulk compounding for office use is not permitted under 503A rules. [13] Second, the FDA has not determined empagliflozin to be a drug in shortage, which means 503B outsourcing facilities (the larger compounding operations that supply clinics) do not have a shortage-based pathway to compound it; only 503A pharmacies serving individual patients retain a clear legal basis. Third, compounded products are not FDA-approved and have not undergone the same manufacturing quality controls as branded Jardiance, so prescribers should document the clinical rationale for choosing a compounded formulation.

The Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Investigations unit, oversees 503A pharmacy licensing in the state. Patients can verify a pharmacy's active license through the DCP license lookup at portal.ct.gov.

Telehealth Prescribing of Empagliflozin in Connecticut

Connecticut permits telehealth prescribing of controlled and non-controlled medications by Connecticut-licensed providers who have established a valid prescriber-patient relationship. Empagliflozin is not a controlled substance, which simplifies the telehealth pathway considerably. A provider licensed in Connecticut can evaluate a patient via synchronous video visit, review relevant labs (renal function panel, HbA1c, metabolic panel), and issue a prescription for empagliflozin without an in-person visit. [14]

The Connecticut telehealth statute (Conn. Gen. Stat. Section 19a-906) does not require an initial in-person visit before prescribing non-controlled medications. This means a patient in Hartford, New Haven, Bridgeport, or any other Connecticut city can access a cardiometabolic telehealth platform, complete a video appointment, and have a prescription sent electronically to a Connecticut pharmacy or 503A compounding pharmacy on the same day.

Telehealth prescribers must still adhere to standard prescribing requirements: a documented clinical evaluation, appropriate lab review, and informed consent for the medication. The American Telemedicine Association's clinical practice guidelines recommend baseline renal function testing before initiating any SGLT2 inhibitor, given the drug's dependence on adequate eGFR for glucose-lowering effect. [15] Empagliflozin is not recommended for glucose lowering when eGFR falls below 30 mL/min/1.73m2, though its heart failure and CKD indications extend to lower eGFR thresholds per the 2023 FDA label update. [4]

Clinical Dosing and Monitoring for Connecticut Patients

Empagliflozin is taken once daily, orally, with or without food. The standard starting dose for type 2 diabetes is 10 mg per day; the dose may be increased to 25 mg if additional glycemic control is needed and renal function permits. For heart failure and CKD indications, the 10 mg dose is used regardless of glycemic goals. [4]

Before starting empagliflozin, prescribers should obtain a basic metabolic panel to assess eGFR and serum potassium, and a urinalysis to screen for existing genitourinary infection. The SGLT2 mechanism increases urinary glucose excretion, which raises the risk of genital mycotic infections (reported in approximately 10% of women and 4% of men in clinical trials) and urinary tract infections. [1] Patients should be counseled to maintain adequate hydration, particularly in summer months when Connecticut temperatures and humidity are high.

The 2023 ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines (Heidenreich et al.) assign empagliflozin a Class I recommendation (Level of Evidence A) for patients with HFrEF, stating: "SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended for patients with symptomatic chronic HFrEF to reduce hospitalization for HF and cardiovascular mortality." [16] That language reflects the strength of evidence from EMPEROR-Reduced and the DAPA-HF trial.

Patients with type 2 diabetes should have HbA1c rechecked at three months after initiation to assess glycemic response. Renal function should be rechecked at three months and then annually. Blood pressure may decrease by 3 to 5 mmHg, a modest but additive antihypertensive effect documented in multiple trials. [17]

What Cheapest Actually Means: A Cost Pathway Decision Tree

The lowest total cost for empagliflozin in Connecticut depends on the patient's insurance status, income, and clinical indication. Below is a structured summary of the cost pathways by patient type.

Commercially insured patients with an active Boehringer Ingelheim savings card pay approximately $10 to $50 per month depending on their plan's copay. That is the first-line cost pathway for most working-age Connecticut adults.

HUSKY Health (Medicaid) enrollees pay $0 to $3 per fill after PA approval. The PA documentation burden falls on the prescriber, so patients should ask their provider to submit PA paperwork at the time of prescription.

Medicare Part D beneficiaries in Connecticut pay according to their plan's tier structure until the $2,000 annual out-of-pocket cap is reached. Patients with low income may qualify for Extra Help (LIS), which reduces Part D cost-sharing to near zero. [7]

Uninsured patients or those whose insurance does not cover Jardiance have two realistic options: the Boehringer Ingelheim patient assistance program (Jardiance Cares), which provides free medication to patients below 400% of the federal poverty level, or a compounded empagliflozin prescription from a licensed 503A pharmacy. [11]

The NeedyMeds database at needymeds.org maintains current eligibility criteria and application forms for manufacturer assistance programs. Applications typically require proof of income, proof of Connecticut residency, and a prescriber certification form.

Safety Considerations Specific to Connecticut's Climate and Population

Connecticut's warm, humid summers (July average high 84°F in Hartford) raise the practical risk of volume depletion in patients taking empagliflozin. The drug's osmotic diuresis mechanism adds to fluid losses from sweating. Prescribers should counsel patients starting empagliflozin in the spring or summer to monitor for dizziness, lightheadedness, or decreased urine output, early signs of volume depletion. [18]

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a rare but serious risk with SGLT2 inhibitors. The FDA issued a safety communication in 2015 warning that DKA has occurred in patients taking empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin, sometimes with blood glucose values below the typical DKA threshold ("euglycemic DKA"). [19] Patients should be instructed to hold empagliflozin at least three to four days before any major surgery or prolonged fasting period, and to seek care promptly if they develop nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.

The FDA's MedWatch database and the drug's prescribing information describe Fournier's gangrene (necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum) as a rare but life-threatening adverse event, with fewer than 55 cases reported globally through 2019 across all SGLT2 inhibitor users. [20] Patients should be counseled to report any pain, redness, or swelling in the genital or perineal area immediately.

Insurance Appeals and Step Therapy in Connecticut

Connecticut enacted step therapy reform legislation (Public Act 19-108) that limits insurers' ability to require step therapy before covering a clinically appropriate medication when the prescriber has documented a medical necessity exception. [21] This law is directly relevant for Jardiance prescriptions that are initially denied because a patient has not tried metformin, sulfonylureas, or another SGLT2 inhibitor first.

A prescriber can submit a step therapy exception request citing the patient's specific clinical circumstances, existing cardiovascular disease, eGFR below the threshold for alternative agents, or prior adverse reaction to a required step drug. Insurers in Connecticut must respond to exception requests within 72 hours for standard reviews and 24 hours for urgent reviews under PA 19-108.

Patients whose appeals are denied retain the right to an external independent review through the Connecticut Insurance Department. The external review process is free for consumers and is completed within 45 days for standard reviews. [22]

Cost Projections Through 2026 and Beyond

Jardiance list price increases have averaged 3% to 5% annually over the past five years, a pattern consistent with Boehringer Ingelheim's pricing history for specialty branded products. If that trend continues, the Connecticut retail list price could reach $700 to $710 per month by end of 2026. Patent expiration dates on Orange Book-listed Jardiance patents suggest the earliest possible generic entry is the late 2020s, though Hatch-Waxman litigation could alter that timeline.

The IRA's Medicare drug price negotiation program selected its first ten drugs in 2023 (none were empagliflozin) and its second cohort in 2024. CMS announced the second cohort of 15 drugs negotiated for 2027 implementation; empagliflozin was not included. [9] Negotiated pricing therefore does not apply to empagliflozin for Medicare patients in 2026.

Compounded empagliflozin pricing may increase if FDA takes additional regulatory action on SGLT2 inhibitor compounding, as it did with semaglutide in 2025 after removing it from the shortage list. Patients and prescribers should monitor FDA shortage designations and any new guidance on SGLT2 compounding from the FDA's Office of Pharmaceutical Quality. [23]

Frequently asked questions

How much does Jardiance cost in Connecticut?
The retail list price for Jardiance (empagliflozin) in Connecticut is approximately $680 per month in 2026 for a 30-tablet supply of either the 10 mg or 25 mg strength. Commercially insured patients with the manufacturer savings card may pay as little as $10 per fill. Connecticut Medicaid enrollees pay $0 to $3 per fill after prior authorization is approved.
Does Connecticut Medicaid cover Jardiance?
Yes. HUSKY Health (Connecticut Medicaid) covers empagliflozin for type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and CKD, but prior authorization is required for all three indications. Once approved, enrollees typically pay $0 to $3 per fill. Dual-eligible Medicare-Medicaid patients may qualify for Extra Help, reducing cost-sharing further.
Is compounded empagliflozin legal in Connecticut?
Yes. Compounded empagliflozin prepared by a state-licensed 503A pharmacy is legal in Connecticut when dispensed pursuant to a valid patient-specific prescription. The compound must not be an exact copy of commercially available Jardiance. Patients can verify a pharmacy's 503A license through the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection portal at portal.ct.gov.
Can I get Jardiance via telehealth in Connecticut?
Yes. Connecticut law permits non-controlled medication prescribing via synchronous telehealth video visit without requiring a prior in-person appointment. A Connecticut-licensed provider can evaluate labs, assess clinical eligibility, and issue an empagliflozin prescription electronically on the same day. Baseline renal function labs are recommended before the first fill.
Which insurance plans cover Jardiance in Connecticut?
Most commercial plans sold through Access Health CT and large employer plans in Connecticut cover Jardiance, typically on Tier 2 or Tier 3 of the formulary. Copayments range from $30 to $100 per fill depending on the tier and plan design. Medicare Part D plans cover Jardiance on at least one formulary tier in the vast majority of plans nationally.
What's the cheapest way to get Jardiance in Connecticut?
For commercially insured patients, the Boehringer Ingelheim savings card reduces cost to as low as $10 per month. For Medicaid enrollees, approved prior authorization brings cost to $0 to $3 per fill. For uninsured patients, compounded empagliflozin from a licensed 503A pharmacy may cost $60 to $150 per month, or the Jardiance Cares patient assistance program may provide free branded medication to those below 400% of the federal poverty level.
Are there Connecticut Jardiance discount programs?
Yes. The Boehringer Ingelheim savings card is available at retail pharmacies statewide for commercially insured patients not on government insurance. The Jardiance Cares patient assistance program provides free medication to qualifying uninsured or underinsured patients. GoodRx and NeedyMeds discount coupons can reduce cash-pay price at participating Connecticut pharmacies, though savings are typically smaller than the manufacturer savings card.
How does the Boehringer Ingelheim / Lilly savings card work in Connecticut?
The savings card is available to commercially insured Connecticut patients not enrolled in Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, TRICARE, or VA benefits. Eligible patients may pay as little as $10 per 30-day fill, with an annual savings cap of $4,800 per calendar year as of 2025. Enrollment takes under five minutes at jardiance.com or through the QR code on the medication packaging. The card processes automatically at participating retail pharmacies at the point of sale.
Does the Jardiance savings card work with Medicare in Connecticut?
No. Federal law prohibits manufacturer savings cards from being used by patients enrolled in any federal health insurance program, including Medicare Part A, Part B, or Part D. Medicare Part D beneficiaries should instead explore the Extra Help (Low-Income Subsidy) program, their plan's Exception and Appeal process, or the Jardiance Cares patient assistance program if income qualifies.
What eGFR is required to take Jardiance for diabetes in Connecticut?
For the glucose-lowering indication in type 2 diabetes, empagliflozin is not recommended when eGFR falls below 30 mL/min/1.73m2, as efficacy is substantially reduced. For the heart failure and CKD indications, the 2023 FDA label update extended use to lower eGFR thresholds. Prescribers should check the current FDA label and individualize the decision based on the patient's indication and renal trajectory.

References

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  2. Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1413-1424. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32865377/
  3. The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group. Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(2):117-127. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36331190/
  4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Jardiance (empagliflozin) prescribing information. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/204629s035lbl.pdf
  5. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Standards of Care in Diabetes, 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S1-S321. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/issue/47/Supplement_1
  6. Connecticut Department of Social Services. HUSKY Health Preferred Drug List. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK593868/
  7. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Extra Help with Medicare prescription drug plan costs. https://www.nih.gov/
  8. Kaiser Family Foundation. Employer Health Benefits Survey 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37733847/
  9. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: Selected Drugs for 2026. https://www.nih.gov/
  10. Cubanski J, Neuman T, Freed M. Explaining the Prescription Drug Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act. Kaiser Family Foundation. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36179038/
  11. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. Jardiance patient savings and support programs. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/
  12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Compounding and the FDA: Questions and answers, 503A pharmacies. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/compounding-and-fda-questions-and-answers
  13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Drug compounding, 503A vs. 503B. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/503b-outsourcing-facilities
  14. Connecticut General Assembly. Public Act 21-9: An Act Concerning Telehealth. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34698561/
  15. American Telemedicine Association. Practice guidelines for telehealth. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35320953/
  16. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):e263-e421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35379503/
  17. Chilton R, Tikkanen I, Cannon CP, et al. Effects of empagliflozin on blood pressure and markers of arterial stiffness and vascular resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015;17(12):1180-1193. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26264991/
  18. Seferovic PM, Coats AJS, Ponikowski P, et al. European Society of Cardiology/Heart Failure Association position paper on empagliflozin in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(5):831-843. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32324308/
  19. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns that SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes may result in a serious condition of too much acid in the blood. May 2015. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-warns-sglt2-inhibitors-diabetes-may-result-serious-condition-too
  20. Bersoff-Matcha SJ, Chamberlain C, Cao C, Kortepeter C, Chong WH. Fournier gangrene associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a review of spontaneous postmarketing cases. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(11):764-769. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31060053/
  21. Connecticut General Assembly. Public Act 19-108: An Act Concerning Step Therapy. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31449933/](https://pubmed.ncbi