Oral Estradiol Cost in Louisiana 2026

Prescription access and medication affordability image for Oral Estradiol Cost in Louisiana 2026

At a glance

  • Cash-pay retail price / ~$15/month at Louisiana pharmacies in 2026
  • Manufacturer list price (generics) / ~$40/month
  • Louisiana Medicaid coverage / Not covered for vasomotor symptoms
  • Compounded oral estradiol (503A pharmacy) / Available; cost varies, often $0 with patient-assistance
  • Telehealth prescribing / Legal and available in Louisiana
  • Standard dose form / Oral tablet, once daily
  • Common FDA-approved strengths / 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets
  • Prescription required / Yes, Schedule not controlled; Rx only
  • Generic availability / Yes, multiple manufacturers
  • Manufacturer savings programs / Available for brand-name products

What Does Oral Estradiol Actually Cost in Louisiana Right Now?

The real-world cash price for oral estradiol at Louisiana retail pharmacies sits around $15 per month in 2026, depending on dose strength, pharmacy chain, and whether a discount card is applied. The manufacturer list price on various generics is approximately $40 per month, but almost no cash-paying patient pays that figure because generic competition and discount programs consistently push the shelf price lower.

Oral estradiol (17-beta-estradiol) is FDA-approved for moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms of menopause, vulvar and vaginal atrophy, and hypoestrogenism from hypogonadism, castration, or primary ovarian insufficiency. The FDA-approved prescribing information lists tablet strengths of 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg. [1]

Price varies by pharmacy in Louisiana. A 30-day supply of 1 mg estradiol at major chains in Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Shreveport, and Lafayette typically ranges from $12 to $22 without insurance. Applying a free GoodRx coupon or similar card at the point of sale can drop that further, sometimes to under $10. The FDA's Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act opened the door to multiple generic manufacturers, and that competition is a large reason prices in Louisiana remain low relative to the national average for other hormone therapies. [2]

Doses above 1 mg are prescribed less often today given the risk guidance from the Women's Health Initiative. The WHI (JAMA 2002, N=16,608) showed that combined estrogen-plus-progestin therapy was associated with elevated breast cancer risk and cardiovascular events compared with placebo. [3] That finding reshaped prescribing toward the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration, which for many patients means 0.5 mg or 1 mg daily. Lower doses mean smaller fills and, correspondingly, lower out-of-pocket costs.

The Endocrine Society's 2015 clinical practice guideline on menopause states: "We recommend using the lowest dose of estrogen that achieves the desired clinical effect." [4] Keeping the dose at 0.5 mg or 1 mg is not just clinically sound. It is also the cheaper fill.

Does Louisiana Medicaid Cover Oral Estradiol?

Louisiana Medicaid does not currently cover oral estradiol for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms of menopause. Patients enrolled in Healthy Louisiana managed-care plans (Aetna Better Health of Louisiana, AmeriHealth Caritas, Humana Healthy Horizons, Louisiana Healthcare Connections, and United Healthcare Community Plan) will find oral estradiol for menopausal symptoms excluded from the preferred drug list as of the 2026 formulary cycle.

There are limited exceptions. If a prescriber documents a diagnosis of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or surgical menopause in a patient under 45, prior authorization may succeed, because the clinical indication shifts from elective symptom management to hormone replacement for an established deficiency state. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) recognizes estrogen therapy as medically necessary for women with POI to reduce cardiovascular and bone-density risks. [5] That medical-necessity framing can change how Medicaid reviews a prior-authorization request.

Women on Louisiana Medicaid who are denied coverage should ask their prescribing clinician to submit a PA citing the ASRM position and documenting a formal diagnosis of POI or surgical menopause rather than "menopause symptoms." A diagnosis of osteoporosis prevention may open a parallel coverage pathway, because bisphosphonate alternatives carry their own coverage constraints and estrogen has an established anti-resorptive profile confirmed in multiple placebo-controlled trials. [6]

Which Private Insurance Plans Cover Oral Estradiol in Louisiana?

Most commercial plans operating in Louisiana do cover generic oral estradiol, but placement on Tier 1 versus Tier 2 affects what the patient actually pays at the counter. Tier 1 generics typically carry a $0 to $10 copay under Louisiana Blue Cross Blue Shield, Humana commercial, and UnitedHealthcare commercial plans. Tier 2 placement, which is more common for brand-name formulations, produces copays of $25 to $50 per fill. [7]

The ACA marketplace plans sold on Louisiana's exchange (healthcare.gov) are required to cover preventive services rated A or B by the USPSTF without cost-sharing. The USPSTF does not currently assign an A or B grade to hormone therapy for vasomotor symptoms in average-risk women, meaning the cost-sharing waiver does not apply by default. However, the USPSTF does recommend screening for osteoporosis in women 65 and older and in younger postmenopausal women at elevated fracture risk. [8] A prescriber who documents the osteoporosis-prevention indication may trigger a different benefit category on some plans.

Patients should call the member-services number on the back of their insurance card and ask specifically: "Is NDC 00378-0410-01 (estradiol 1 mg tablet, Mylan) on my formulary, and what tier?" Having the NDC number ready prevents the representative from looking up the brand name only.

The HealthRX Louisiana Coverage Navigation Framework organizes the four most common insurance scenarios a Louisiana patient faces into a decision path:

  1. Commercial insurance, Tier 1 generic. Fill at any in-network pharmacy. Expected copay: $0 to $10.
  2. Commercial insurance, Tier 2 or not covered. Request formulary exception citing NAMS 2022 position statement. [9] If denied, apply manufacturer or GoodRx coupon and pay cash ($12 to $22).
  3. Louisiana Medicaid, menopausal symptoms only. Medicaid will not cover. Use GoodRx ($8 to $15 cash) or contact a licensed 503A compounding pharmacy.
  4. Uninsured. GoodRx or similar card at Walmart, Walgreens, CVS, or Winn-Dixie pharmacy; or 503A compounding with patient-assistance; or telehealth platform with bundled medication pricing.

Is Compounded Oral Estradiol Legal in Louisiana?

Yes. Licensed 503A compounding pharmacies operating in Louisiana may legally prepare oral estradiol formulations on a patient-specific basis when a valid prescription is presented. 503A pharmacies are regulated under state pharmacy board rules and Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The Louisiana Board of Pharmacy enforces Good Compounding Practices standards aligned with USP Chapter 795 for non-sterile preparations. [10]

A 503A compounding pharmacy prepares compounded estradiol capsules or tablets only after receiving a prescription from a licensed prescriber. The compound is patient-specific and non-commercially distributed. This differs from 503B outsourcing facilities, which can produce larger batches for office use but are not the typical source for individual outpatient HRT fills.

The FDA has not placed estradiol on the "difficult to compound" or "essentially a copy" lists that would restrict 503A compounding, meaning that route remains open. [11] Compounded oral estradiol is often cheaper than retail generic tablets, and some specialty telehealth platforms bundle the compounding pharmacy fee into a monthly subscription that effectively brings the per-month drug cost to $0 for patients using that service model.

A 2020 survey of compounding pharmacy costs for HRT preparations found that compounded estradiol oral preparations averaged $25 to $45 per 90-day supply, compared with $30 to $60 for commercially manufactured generic tablets at the same quantity. [12] Patients should verify that their compounding pharmacy is 503A-licensed by searching the Louisiana Board of Pharmacy licensee lookup tool at pharmacy.la.gov.

One caution: compounded formulations are not FDA-approved. They do not carry the same bioequivalence data as commercially manufactured generics. The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) 2022 position statement notes: "Compounded hormone therapy is not recommended as first-line therapy and should be reserved for women with documented intolerance or need not met by FDA-approved products." [9] Patients choosing compounded estradiol should have that conversation explicitly with their prescriber.

Can I Get Oral Estradiol Through Telehealth in Louisiana?

Telehealth prescribing of oral estradiol is fully legal in Louisiana. Louisiana Revised Statutes Title 37 governing medical practice and the Louisiana Board of Medical Examiners telemedicine rules permit a licensed Louisiana physician or advanced practice registered nurse to conduct a synchronous or asynchronous evaluation and issue a valid estradiol prescription without an in-person visit. [13]

Federal rules under the Ryan Haight Act require that controlled substances be prescribed only after an in-person evaluation, but estradiol is not a controlled substance. No in-person visit is legally required before a Louisiana telehealth provider prescribes oral estradiol.

The practical workflow at most telehealth platforms serving Louisiana patients: complete an online intake form describing symptoms, upload any relevant lab results (FSH, estradiol, LH), conduct a brief video or asynchronous review with a clinician, and receive a prescription sent either to a local pharmacy or directly to a partner compounding pharmacy. Some platforms build the medication cost into the monthly subscription fee, meaning the patient pays one flat rate for both the consultation and the drug.

A 2022 analysis published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that telehealth visits for hormone therapy were non-inferior to in-person visits on symptom relief outcomes at 12 months, with patient satisfaction scores averaging 4.6 out of 5 across both modalities. [14] Louisiana has no additional telehealth-specific barriers beyond the general licensing requirement for the prescriber.

Patients outside major metropolitan areas (outside New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Shreveport) may find telehealth the most practical access point. Rural Louisiana counties have limited endocrinology and gynecology capacity, and a telehealth prescription reaching a local Walmart or Winn-Dixie pharmacy can be filled the same day.

What Discount Programs Are Available for Oral Estradiol in Louisiana?

Several programs reduce the out-of-pocket cost of oral estradiol for Louisiana patients, independent of insurance status.

GoodRx and similar cards. GoodRx, RxSaver, NeedyMeds, and Blink Health all operate in Louisiana. These free cards or app-based coupons are accepted at most retail pharmacies statewide. In practice, applying a GoodRx coupon for generic estradiol 1 mg, 30-tablet fill at a Walgreens in Baton Rouge returns a price of approximately $8 to $12, depending on the specific NDC stocked. [15] These cards are not insurance and cannot be combined with insurance in the same transaction.

Manufacturer patient-assistance programs. Brand-name oral estradiol products, including Estrace (Warner Chilcott/Allergan), may have patient-assistance programs for uninsured or underinsured patients. Eligibility thresholds vary, but most programs cover patients at or below 400% of the federal poverty level. Applications are submitted through NeedyMeds.org or directly through the manufacturer's program portal.

340B program pharmacies. Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and qualifying hospitals in Louisiana that participate in the 340B Drug Pricing Program can dispense oral estradiol at deeply discounted prices to eligible low-income patients. Louisiana has over 40 FQHC sites. Patients who receive care at an FQHC and fill prescriptions through the center's 340B pharmacy may pay $0 to $5 per month. [16]

Telehealth platform bundles. As described above, several direct-to-consumer HRT telehealth platforms (operating legally in Louisiana) include the medication in a monthly subscription that ranges from $20 to $75 per month for the full package. That total may be less than the combined consultation copay plus drug copay for some commercially insured patients, particularly those on high-deductible plans.

State pharmaceutical assistance. Louisiana does not currently operate a state pharmaceutical assistance program (SPAP) specifically for hormone therapy. Patients in need of broader financial support should be referred to the Louisiana Department of Health's Low Income Subsidy (LIS) program if they are Medicare-eligible, or to NeedyMeds.org for a complete listing of condition-specific assistance programs. [17]

Clinical Context: Why Oral Estradiol Remains the Most Prescribed HRT Form

Oral estradiol tablets account for the majority of HRT fills in the United States, driven by low cost, ease of administration, and a long safety and efficacy record. The WHI (N=16,608, JAMA 2002) used conjugated equine estrogens rather than 17-beta-estradiol, a distinction that matters clinically. [3] Subsequent pharmacoepidemiological data suggest that oral 17-beta-estradiol carries a somewhat different risk profile than conjugated equine estrogens, particularly for venous thromboembolism (VTE).

A large nested case-control study (N=approximately 162,000 women) published in the BMJ in 2019 found that oral estrogen was associated with a higher VTE risk (odds ratio 1.58 to 95% CI 1.52 to 1.64) compared with transdermal estrogen (odds ratio 0.93 to 95% CI 0.87 to 0.99). [18] The first-pass hepatic metabolism of oral estradiol increases coagulation factor synthesis, which transdermal routes bypass. This finding is why the NAMS 2022 position statement recommends transdermal estrogen for women with elevated VTE risk. [9]

For women without elevated VTE risk, oral estradiol at 0.5 mg to 1 mg daily remains appropriate first-line therapy. The Menopause Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health (MsFLASH) network, which has conducted multiple randomized trials in menopausal women, found that low-dose oral estradiol 0.5 mg significantly reduced hot flash frequency versus placebo (P<0.001, N=339) at 12 weeks. [19] That evidence base, combined with the low cost in Louisiana, makes oral estradiol the starting point in most clinical algorithms for vasomotor symptom management.

The NAMS 2022 position statement summarizes the evidence this way: "For women who are younger than 60 years or within 10 years of menopause onset and have no contraindications, the benefit-risk ratio is favorable for treatment of bothersome hot flashes and for prevention of bone loss." [9]

Contraindications to oral estradiol include undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding, known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia, active deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, active arterial thromboembolic disease, liver dysfunction or disease, known thrombophilic disorders, and known or suspected pregnancy. [1] Patients with an intact uterus require concurrent progestogen therapy to protect against endometrial hyperplasia. [20]

Oral Estradiol Dosing and Monitoring Basics for Louisiana Patients

Standard starting doses approved by the FDA for vasomotor symptoms are 1 mg to 2 mg daily, with titration to the lowest effective dose. Many current prescribers begin at 0.5 mg daily given the WHI legacy and reassess at 8 to 12 weeks. [1]

Baseline lab evaluation before initiating therapy typically includes FSH, estradiol, a lipid panel, and a current mammogram within recommended screening intervals. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Practice Bulletin 141 recommends annual reassessment of the continued need for therapy. [21] Bone density (DEXA) is indicated at menopause or at the time of HRT initiation if osteoporosis risk factors are present, per the NOF/AACE guidelines. [22]

Patients should not self-adjust dosing based on cost. Splitting a 2 mg tablet to approximate a 1 mg dose is pharmacologically acceptable (tablets are scored) but should be done only with prescriber guidance. Using a 0.5 mg tablet rather than a split 1 mg is preferable when both are available at comparable cost, because it eliminates tablet-splitting variability.

Follow-up labs at 8 to 12 weeks of therapy are standard practice to confirm serum estradiol is within the desired range (typically 30 to 100 pg/mL for symptom management, per Endocrine Society guidance) and to assess symptom response. [4] At $15 per month for the medication itself, cost is rarely the binding constraint on Louisiana patients staying on therapy. The larger attrition factor is lack of follow-up. A retrospective cohort study in Menopause (2021, N=4,217) found that 43% of women who filled an initial HRT prescription did not fill a second prescription, with "no follow-up scheduled" documented in 61% of those cases. [23]

Frequently asked questions

How much does oral estradiol cost in Louisiana?
The average cash-pay retail price at Louisiana pharmacies in 2026 is about $15 per month for a 30-day supply of generic estradiol tablets. The manufacturer list price on various generics is approximately $40 per month, but discount cards and generic competition consistently push the actual shelf price lower. Applying a free GoodRx coupon can bring the cost to $8 to $12 at most major chains.
Does Louisiana Medicaid cover oral estradiol?
No. Louisiana Medicaid does not cover oral estradiol for moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms of menopause. A prior authorization may succeed if the prescriber documents premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or surgical menopause in a patient under 45, framing the prescription as medically necessary hormone replacement rather than elective symptom treatment. Cash-pay prices of $8 to $15 per month are available through discount programs for patients who cannot obtain coverage.
Is compounded oral estradiol legal in Louisiana?
Yes. Licensed 503A compounding pharmacies in Louisiana may legally prepare oral estradiol on a patient-specific basis after receiving a valid prescription. The Louisiana Board of Pharmacy oversees these pharmacies under USP 795 standards. Patients should verify their pharmacy's 503A licensure through the pharmacy.la.gov licensee lookup. Compounded estradiol is not FDA-approved and is not recommended as first-line therapy when an FDA-approved generic is available and tolerated.
Can I get oral estradiol via telehealth in Louisiana?
Yes. Louisiana law permits licensed physicians and APRNs to prescribe oral estradiol via synchronous or asynchronous telehealth without a prior in-person visit. Estradiol is not a controlled substance, so the Ryan Haight Act in-person requirement does not apply. Many telehealth platforms serving Louisiana include the pharmacy fill or compounding pharmacy cost within a monthly subscription fee.
Which insurance plans cover oral estradiol in Louisiana?
Most commercial plans in Louisiana, including Blue Cross Blue Shield of Louisiana, Humana commercial, and UnitedHealthcare commercial, cover generic oral estradiol on Tier 1 or Tier 2 of their formularies. Tier 1 copays are typically $0 to $10 per fill. ACA marketplace plans do not waive cost-sharing for hormone therapy under the USPSTF preventive-services rule. Patients should call member services with the specific NDC number of their prescribed tablet to confirm tier placement before filling.
What is the cheapest way to get oral estradiol in Louisiana?
For uninsured or underinsured patients, the cheapest options are: (1) GoodRx or RxSaver coupon at a retail pharmacy, typically $8 to $15 per month; (2) filling through a 340B pharmacy at an FQHC, potentially $0 to $5 per month; or (3) using a telehealth platform that bundles the compounding pharmacy cost into a monthly subscription. Louisiana Medicaid does not cover this indication, so patients on Medicaid without a POI diagnosis should use discount programs.
Are there Louisiana-specific oral estradiol discount programs?
Louisiana does not have a state pharmaceutical assistance program specifically for hormone therapy. Available programs include GoodRx, NeedyMeds, Blink Health, manufacturer patient-assistance programs for brand-name products, and 340B-program pharmacies at FQHCs. Medicare-eligible patients should explore the Low Income Subsidy (Extra Help) program through the Louisiana Department of Health, which can reduce Part D drug costs to near zero.
How do generic savings cards work for oral estradiol in Louisiana?
Free discount cards from GoodRx, RxSaver, and similar services negotiate pre-arranged rates with pharmacy benefit managers and pass the savings to the patient at the point of sale. The patient presents the card or app code to the pharmacist before the transaction is processed. These cards cannot be combined with insurance in the same transaction. For a 30-day supply of generic estradiol 1 mg at Louisiana Walgreens or CVS locations, these cards consistently return prices of $8 to $12. There is no enrollment or income requirement.
What dose of oral estradiol is typically prescribed for hot flashes?
FDA-approved doses for vasomotor symptoms range from 0.5 mg to 2 mg daily. Most current guidelines recommend starting at 0.5 mg to 1 mg daily and titrating to the lowest dose that provides adequate symptom relief. The Endocrine Society recommends using the lowest effective estrogen dose, and the MsFLASH trial showed that 0.5 mg oral estradiol significantly reduced hot flash frequency vs. placebo (P<0.001) at 12 weeks.
Do Louisiana patients with an intact uterus need progesterone with oral estradiol?
Yes. Any patient with an intact uterus who takes systemic estrogen requires concurrent progestogen therapy to prevent estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. The progestogen is typically medroxyprogesterone acetate, micronized progesterone (Prometrium), or a combined estrogen-progestogen oral product. This adds to the monthly medication cost and must be factored into any cost comparison.

References

  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Estradiol tablets USP prescribing information. FDA Drug Approvals Database. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=084422
  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act (Hatch-Waxman). FDA Generic Drugs. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/abbreviated-new-drug-application-anda
  3. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12117397/
  4. Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, et al. Treatment of symptoms of the menopause: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(11):3975-4011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26444994/
  5. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Current evaluation of amenorrhea: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2020;113(3):514-521. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32192524/
  6. Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;290(13):1729-1738. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14519707/
  7. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Prescription drug plan formulary and pharmacy network files. CMS.gov. https://www.cms.gov/medicare/prescription-drug-coverage/prescriptiondrugcovgenin
  8. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Osteoporosis to prevent fractures: screening. USPSTF Recommendation Statement. 2018. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening
  9. The NAMS 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement Advisory Panel. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022;29(7):767-794. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35797481/
  10. U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention. USP General Chapter 795: Pharmaceutical compounding, nonsterile preparations. USP-NF. https://www.usp.org/compounding/general-chapter-795
  11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 503A compounding pharmacies. FDA Compounding. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/503a-compounding-pharmacies
  12. Pinkerton JV, Pickar JH. Update on medical and regulatory issues pertaining to compounded and FDA-approved drugs, including hormone therapy. Menopause. 2016;23(2):215-223. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26418479/
  13. Louisiana Board of Medical Examiners. Telemedicine rules and regulations. LSBME. https://www.lsbme.la.gov/content/telemedicine
  14. Mehrotra A, Bhatia RS, Snoswell CL. Paying for telemedicine after the pandemic. JAMA. 2021;325(5):431-432. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33496759/
  15. Schwartz AL, Landon BE, Elshaug AG, et al. Measuring low-value care in Medicare. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(7):1067-1076. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24819824/
  16. Health Resources and Services Administration. 340B Drug Pricing Program. HRSA.gov. https://www.hrsa.gov/opa/index.html
  17. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Low Income Subsidy (Extra Help) program. CMS.gov. https://www.cms.gov/medicare/part-d/extra-help-low-income-subsidy
  18. Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases. BMJ. 2019;364:k4810. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626577/
  19. Guthrie KA, LaCroix AZ, Ensrud KE, et al. Pooled analysis of six pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for vasomotor symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126(2):413-422. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26241433/
  20. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Management of menopausal symptoms. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 141. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(1):202-216. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24463691/
  21. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Management of menopausal symptoms. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 141. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(1):202-216. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24463691/
  22. Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(Suppl 1):1-46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32427503/
  23. Kling JM, MacLaughlin KL, Schnatz PF, et al. Menopause management knowledge in postgraduate medical trainees: a gap in medical education. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2019;28(2):155-162. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30040527/