23 source-based articles maintained by the HealthRX.com Editorial Team.
Showing 23 of 23 clinical reviews.
A clinical deep-dive into metformin use after bariatric surgery, covering pharmacokinetics, B12 depletion, RYGB vs sleeve gastrectomy differences, dosing, and when to stop or restart.
A clinical guide to metformin use in patients with autoimmune conditions, covering the immunomodulatory mechanisms under study, disease-specific considerations, drug interactions, and monitoring, with a clear line drawn between FDA-approved use and investigational use.
A clinician-level review of metformin's impact on cognitive function, covering mechanistic data, key trials, dosing considerations, and what current guidelines say about diabetes, aging, and brain health.
A clinician-level review of how metformin affects skeletal muscle, which patients face the greatest risk of lean-mass loss, and the evidence-based strategies to preserve muscle while staying on metformin therapy.
A citation-dense review of how metformin affects sexual function in men and women with type 2 diabetes, PCOS, and prediabetes. Covers testosterone, erectile dysfunction, libido, and clinical management strategies.
A clinician-level review of how metformin affects appetite, cravings, and food intake. Covers proposed mechanisms, clinical trial data, practical dosing context, and what patients can realistically expect.
A clinician-level review of how metformin affects bone mineral density, fracture risk, osteoblast activity, and osteoporosis outcomes in type 2 diabetes, with primary-literature citations throughout.
A clinician-level review of metformin's cancer risk signals, covering proposed mechanisms, key trials, confounding factors, and current guideline positions for patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.
A clinician-level review of metformin's long-term cardiovascular effects, from UKPDS 34 through modern meta-analyses. Covers mechanisms, trial data, guideline positions, and practical prescribing context.
A comparison of compounded and branded metformin, covering bioequivalence, cost, formulation differences, safety, and how to choose the right option for type 2 diabetes or prediabetes management.
A physician-level breakdown of the metformin evidence base, with each major indication graded by GRADE certainty of evidence, key trial data, and practical clinical guidance.
A guide to metformin's effects on hair loss, skin pigmentation, acne, and wound healing. Covers B12-mediated hair thinning, androgen-driven skin benefits in PCOS, and practical monitoring thresholds backed by primary literature.
A deep dive into how metformin affects the liver, including NAFLD, lactic acidosis risk, hepatic glucose output, and safety in liver disease. Backed by primary-literature citations throughout.
An evidence-based look at how metformin affects mental health and mood, covering depression, cognitive function, anxiety, B12 depletion, and clinical management guidance.
How metformin alters mitochondrial function, AMPK signaling, and hepatic glucose output, and what that means (and does not mean) for energy expenditure and weight. Written for clinicians and informed patients, pending qualified medical review.
A clinical review of metformin microdosing protocols for type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, longevity, and off-label use. Covers dosing thresholds, tolerability data, titration schedules, and what current guidelines do and do not support.
A guide to the metformin pre-surgery hold window, covering current ADA and AACE guidelines, contrast-dye rules, procedure-specific timing, and restart protocols with primary-literature citations throughout.
Stopping metformin can cause blood glucose to rise sharply within days. This guide covers the clinical evidence on rebound hyperglycemia, the mechanisms behind it, who is most at risk, and how to taper or transition safely.
When and how to safely restart metformin after acute illness, hospitalization, or surgery. Evidence-based guidance covering lactic acidosis risk, renal thresholds, contrast dye rules, and step-by-step restart protocols.
How temperature extremes, seasonal illness, hydration shifts, and activity changes affect metformin dosing, safety, and efficacy across all four seasons. MD/PharmD-level guidance with primary-literature citations.
A clinician-level review of how metformin affects sleep architecture, slow-wave sleep, REM duration, and circadian signaling, with primary-literature citations and dosing context.
How metformin dosing, GI tolerability, contrast imaging, and altitude exposure interact during travel, with a clinician-discussion and monitoring framework for patients and prescribers.
A clinician-level review of metformin's effects on the kidney: emerging evidence for renal protection, updated eGFR dosing thresholds, lactic acidosis risk, and the 2023 ADA/KDIGO guidance on safe use in CKD.