Lisinopril Cost in Arkansas 2026: Cash Price, Medicaid, Insurance, and Savings Options

Prescription access and medication affordability image for Lisinopril Cost in Arkansas 2026: Cash Price, Medicaid, Insurance, and Savings Options

At a glance

  • Cash-pay retail price / ~$8/month at most Arkansas pharmacies in 2026
  • Manufacturer list price / ~$50/month for branded generics
  • Arkansas Medicaid coverage / Yes, with limited prior authorization (PA)
  • 503A compounded lisinopril / Legal in Arkansas; cost can be $0/month through certain programs
  • Telehealth prescribing / Permitted in Arkansas
  • Standard dose form / Oral tablet, once daily
  • Common doses / 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg
  • FDA approval / Hypertension, heart failure, post-MI LV dysfunction
  • Key trial / ALLHAT (N=33,357): lisinopril reduced coronary events comparably to chlorthalidone
  • Savings ceiling / GoodRx and similar cards can reduce cost to under $5 at some Arkansas chains

What Is Lisinopril and Why Is It Prescribed?

Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor approved by the FDA for three indications: hypertension, heart failure, and left-ventricular dysfunction following acute myocardial infarction [1]. It works by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, lowering peripheral vascular resistance and reducing cardiac afterload. Dosing typically starts at 5 mg to 10 mg orally once daily for hypertension, titrated to a maximum of 40 mg per day depending on response and tolerability.

The drug has been on the market for decades, which is why generic versions are widely available and inexpensive. For Arkansans managing chronic hypertension or heart failure on a fixed income, the cost of this medication is a real concern, not a theoretical one. Approximately 35.5% of Arkansas adults have been diagnosed with hypertension, according to the CDC [2], making lisinopril one of the most commonly dispensed drugs in the state.

The FDA label for lisinopril notes that the drug should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, bilateral renal artery stenosis, or a history of angioedema [1]. Patients on potassium-sparing diuretics face additive hyperkalemia risk. These clinical parameters are relevant to both prescribers and pharmacists reviewing a patient's medication history before dispensing.

How Much Does Lisinopril Cost in Arkansas in 2026?

The average cash-pay price for generic lisinopril at Arkansas retail pharmacies in 2026 is approximately $8 per month for a 30-day supply at common doses such as 10 mg or 20 mg. Manufacturer list prices for branded generic versions sit near $50 per month, but very few patients pay that rate once discount cards or insurance are applied [3].

Prices vary by pharmacy chain and by zip code within Arkansas. Rural areas such as the Delta region may have fewer competing pharmacies, which can affect local pricing. Urban centers like Little Rock, Fayetteville, and Fort Smith generally show stronger price competition among Walmart, Kroger, Walgreens, CVS, and independent pharmacies.

The JNC 8 guideline panel recommended first-line ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to slow nephropathy progression [4]. Because lisinopril is first-line therapy in several high-burden chronic disease states prevalent in Arkansas, including CKD and type 2 diabetes-related hypertension, cost barriers could translate directly into worse clinical outcomes.

The ALLHAT trial (N=33,357) compared lisinopril, chlorthalidone, and amlodipine as first-line antihypertensive therapy. The trial found no significant difference in the combined outcome of fatal coronary heart disease or nonfatal myocardial infarction between the lisinopril and chlorthalidone groups (relative risk 0.99; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.08; P<0.001 for non-inferiority) [5]. This evidence base underpins the wide adoption of lisinopril as a first-line option.

Arkansas Medicaid Coverage for Lisinopril

Arkansas Medicaid (Arkansas DHS Division of Medical Services) covers lisinopril on its Preferred Drug List (PDL), but with limited prior authorization requirements in some clinical situations. Standard generic lisinopril tablets are generally covered without PA for hypertension. Situations that may trigger a PA include non-preferred formulations, higher-dose tablets above 40 mg, or use in pediatric patients outside standard weight-based dosing [6].

Arkansas Medicaid enrolled approximately 1.06 million beneficiaries as of early 2025. For these patients, the copay for a Tier 1 generic such as lisinopril is typically $0 to $3 per 30-day supply depending on the managed care organization (MCO) plan. Arkansas Medicaid operates through three MCOs: Arkansas Total Care, Centene/AmeriHealth Caritas Arkansas, and Summit Community Care.

Physicians and telehealth providers prescribing lisinopril to Arkansas Medicaid patients should verify the current PDL status before writing prescriptions, as formulary changes occur quarterly. The Arkansas DHS publishes updated PDL documents on the DHS website and the CMS Medicaid Drug Rebate Program portal [6].

The American Heart Association's 2023 hypertension guideline states: "ACE inhibitors are recommended as first-line therapy in patients with hypertension and comorbid CKD or diabetes mellitus, with a Class I Level A recommendation" [7]. Arkansas Medicaid's coverage of lisinopril aligns with this recommendation.

Which Insurance Plans Cover Lisinopril in Arkansas?

Most commercial insurance plans active in Arkansas cover generic lisinopril at Tier 1, the lowest copay tier. Common plans in the Arkansas marketplace include BlueCross BlueShield of Arkansas, QualChoice, and United Healthcare Marketplace options. Tier 1 copays generally range from $0 to $15 per 30-day fill depending on plan design.

Employer-sponsored plans following the Pharmacy Benefit Management (PBM) formularies from CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, or OptumRx all list generic lisinopril at Tier 1 or Tier 2. Tier 2 copays usually fall between $15 and $40. Patients on high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) with HSA accounts may pay full cash price until they meet their deductible, at which point the $8 average retail cost may actually be lower than their Tier 1 copay.

Medicare Part D plans covering Arkansas residents also include generic lisinopril. Under the Inflation Reduction Act provisions phased in from 2024 through 2026, most Medicare Part D plans cap generic drug copays at $35 per month for certain covered generics, though the specific cap for lisinopril depends on plan formulary design [8]. Beneficiaries should compare plans annually during the Open Enrollment Period (October 15 to December 7) using the Medicare Plan Finder at medicare.gov.

The FDA requires that generic lisinopril products demonstrate bioequivalence to the reference listed drug, ensuring therapeutic substitution is appropriate [1]. This regulatory standard protects patients who switch between generic manufacturers due to pharmacy supply changes, a common occurrence in Arkansas retail chains.

Is Compounded Lisinopril Legal in Arkansas?

Yes. Compounded lisinopril is legal in Arkansas when prepared by a licensed 503A compounding pharmacy operating under state Board of Pharmacy oversight [9]. Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act permits licensed pharmacists to compound drug preparations for individual patients based on a valid prescription from a licensed practitioner.

Arkansas State Board of Pharmacy regulations require 503A pharmacies to comply with USP Chapter 795 standards for non-sterile compounding [10]. Lisinopril, dispensed as an oral tablet or oral suspension, qualifies as non-sterile and can be compounded under these standards. The practical reason a patient or prescriber might choose compounded lisinopril over commercially manufactured generics includes dose customization (e.g., 2.5 mg for pediatric or renally impaired patients), alternative formulations for patients with tablet-swallowing difficulties, or participation in a program that covers compounded medications at no cost.

Some telehealth-linked compounding pharmacy networks have structured programs where compounded lisinopril is available at $0 out-of-pocket cost to qualifying patients. This does not mean the drug is being dispensed outside legal channels. These programs typically operate under 503A rules with a valid prescription from a licensed Arkansas telehealth provider.

There is no federal or Arkansas state prohibition on compounding lisinopril specifically. The FDA's list of drugs withdrawn from the market for safety reasons does not include lisinopril, and it does not appear on the FDA's 503A Nominated Bulk Drug Substances list as a restricted compound [9]. This means a 503A pharmacy can legally use commercially available lisinopril API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) to prepare a compounded preparation.

What Savings Programs Are Available for Lisinopril in Arkansas?

Several discount programs reduce lisinopril costs below the $8 average retail price in Arkansas. GoodRx, RxSaver, and NeedyMeds all list prices between $4 and $8 for a 30-day supply of generic lisinopril 10 mg or 20 mg at major Arkansas chains. Presenting a GoodRx coupon at Walmart Pharmacy in Little Rock, for example, can bring the price to approximately $4 per month for a 30-count supply [3].

Walmart's $4 generic drug list, available at all Arkansas Walmart Pharmacy locations, includes lisinopril 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg. This is a direct cash-pay price with no coupon or membership required. Kroger and Sam's Club pharmacies in Arkansas operate similar internal generic pricing programs at $4 per 90-day supply for select generics including lisinopril.

For uninsured patients who do not qualify for Medicaid, the Arkansas Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) covers pediatric patients. Adults may apply for Arkansas Medicaid through the DHS portal. The Patient Advocate Foundation's Co-Pay Relief Program covers some ACE inhibitor costs for qualifying patients with cardiovascular diagnoses [11].

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) notes that medication non-adherence due to cost is a major modifiable barrier in hypertension control, particularly in lower-income populations [12]. Arkansas ranks among the highest states for cardiovascular disease mortality, making affordable access to lisinopril a population-health concern.

Can I Get Lisinopril via Telehealth in Arkansas?

Telehealth prescribing of lisinopril is permitted in Arkansas under current state law. The Arkansas State Medical Board allows physicians and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to evaluate patients and issue prescriptions via telemedicine as long as a valid prescriber-patient relationship is established [13].

Arkansas Act 888 of 2021 codified telehealth prescribing standards and aligned the state with the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) telemedicine guidelines [13]. A telehealth visit for blood pressure management can include a review of home blood pressure readings, symptom assessment, and initiation or adjustment of lisinopril without a mandatory in-person visit.

The telehealth provider must be licensed in Arkansas or hold a valid Arkansas telehealth license. Prescriptions must be sent to an Arkansas-licensed pharmacy, including mail-order pharmacies licensed to operate in the state. Patients receiving telehealth care through out-of-state platforms should confirm that the prescribing clinician holds an active Arkansas medical or APRN license before initiating a prescription.

Controlled substances require separate DEA authorization under the Ryan Haight Act and cannot be prescribed via telehealth without an in-person evaluation, but lisinopril is not a controlled substance. This means the standard telehealth pathway applies without additional DEA registration requirements for the prescribing clinician.

A 2022 study published in JAMA Internal Medicine (N=3,489) found that patients who initiated antihypertensive therapy via telehealth achieved blood pressure control rates comparable to in-person initiators at 12 months (58.4% vs. 56.7%; P<0.001) [14]. This supports telehealth as a clinically appropriate pathway for lisinopril initiation in Arkansas.

How Lisinopril Dosing Affects Total Monthly Cost

Dose matters when calculating monthly cost. A 5 mg tablet and a 40 mg tablet often cost the same or nearly the same per-tablet at the retail level because both are manufactured as generic commodities. The price difference between a 30-day supply of 5 mg and 40 mg lisinopril at most Arkansas pharmacies is usually under $1.

Patients titrated to higher doses (20 mg to 40 mg) do not necessarily pay more than those at 5 mg or 10 mg. However, if a prescriber writes for a dose not stocked by a particular pharmacy (for example, a 30 mg dose, which requires tablet splitting or a compounded formulation), the cost and complexity increase. Standard commercially available strengths are 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg.

The ACC/AHA 2022 Guideline for Hypertension management notes that starting doses for most adults with uncomplicated hypertension range from 10 mg to 40 mg once daily, with dose adjustments based on 2-to-4-week blood pressure response intervals [15]. This titration schedule means some patients may require 90-day supplies rather than 30-day supplies at stable doses, which reduces cost per day across all pricing tiers.

Ninety-day supplies of lisinopril at Walmart, Kroger, or via mail-order pharmacies affiliated with Arkansas Medicaid plans typically cost $10 to $12 cash-pay or a single copay for insured patients. Over 12 months, this brings annual cost to approximately $40 to $50 cash-pay for uninsured patients using Walmart's generic pricing.

Side Effects and Monitoring Considerations That May Add to Total Cost

Cost-of-care for lisinopril extends beyond the pill price. Baseline and follow-up laboratory monitoring, specifically serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum potassium, are recommended within 1 to 2 weeks of initiation and after any dose increase, per KDIGO 2024 CKD guidelines [16]. For uninsured Arkansans, a basic metabolic panel at a commercial lab costs $25 to $60 depending on the facility.

A dry cough, the most common side effect of ACE inhibitors, occurs in approximately 10% to 15% of patients taking lisinopril [17]. Patients who develop cough may need to switch to an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) such as losartan, which carries a similar cost profile in Arkansas retail pharmacies ($8 to $10/month generic).

Angioedema is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse effect, occurring in less than 0.5% of patients, with higher rates in Black patients (0.3% to 0.7% vs. 0.1% in White patients) [18]. Patients with a history of hereditary angioedema or prior ACE inhibitor-related angioedema should not receive lisinopril regardless of cost considerations.

Monitoring costs are part of the total economic burden that a clinician should discuss with patients when selecting an antihypertensive regimen. The $8/month pill cost is the floor, not the ceiling, of total therapy cost.

Arkansas-Specific Cost Comparison: Lisinopril Across Pricing Pathways

The following framework summarizes the key pricing pathways available to Arkansas patients in 2026, ranked from lowest to highest out-of-pocket cost:

Pathway 1: 503A Compounded Lisinopril via Telehealth Program Estimated monthly cost: $0. Requires a valid prescription from a licensed Arkansas telehealth provider. The compounding pharmacy must be 503A-licensed and Arkansas Board of Pharmacy compliant. Not available to all patients; eligibility depends on the specific program.

Pathway 2: Walmart or Kroger $4 Generic Program Estimated monthly cost: $4 for a 30-day supply. No coupon, membership, or insurance required. Available at all Arkansas Walmart Pharmacy and most Kroger Pharmacy locations. Covers 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg strengths.

Pathway 3: GoodRx or RxSaver Coupon at Retail Pharmacy Estimated monthly cost: $4 to $8 depending on pharmacy and zip code. Free to use; patient presents coupon at time of pickup. Cannot be combined with insurance; cannot be applied to Arkansas Medicaid fills.

Pathway 4: Arkansas Medicaid Tier 1 Generic Estimated monthly cost: $0 to $3 copay depending on MCO. Requires active Medicaid enrollment. Subject to limited PA in some clinical scenarios. Processed through the patient's assigned Medicaid MCO.

Pathway 5: Commercial Insurance Tier 1 Estimated monthly cost: $0 to $15 depending on plan design and deductible status. HDHP patients may pay full cash price ($8) until deductible is met.

Pathway 6: Medicare Part D Estimated monthly cost: $0 to $35 under 2026 Inflation Reduction Act provisions. Patients should compare plans annually during Open Enrollment.

Pathway 7: Uninsured Cash Pay at Full List Price Estimated monthly cost: up to $50 for branded generic. Avoidable by using any of the above pathways.

What Clinicians and Patients Should Know Before Filling in Arkansas

Prescribers writing lisinopril for Arkansas patients should specify the tablet strength clearly and indicate whether a 30-day or 90-day supply is appropriate. Ninety-day fills reduce dispensing costs for pharmacies and copays for insured patients. For patients on Arkansas Medicaid, verifying the current PDL tier before writing the prescription prevents delays at the pharmacy counter.

The ACCORD-BP trial (N=4,733) compared standard versus intensive blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes patients and found that intensive systolic BP targets below 120 mmHg did not reduce major cardiovascular events compared to a target below 140 mmHg (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.06; P=0.20) [19]. This trial is relevant when deciding lisinopril dose targets for Arkansas patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes, a condition affecting 16.1% of Arkansas adults per CDC data [20].

Patients should bring a list of current medications to every pharmacy visit. Lisinopril has clinically significant interactions with NSAIDs (reduced antihypertensive effect), potassium supplements (hyperkalemia risk), and lithium (elevated lithium levels) [1]. These interactions do not change the drug's cost but can affect safety, and identifying them at the point of dispensing costs nothing.

Arkansas patients with questions about lisinopril coverage or eligibility for assistance programs can contact the Arkansas Insurance Department at 1-800-224-6330 or visit the DHS benefits portal at access.arkansas.gov.

For uninsured patients currently paying list price: switching to Walmart's $4 generic program or presenting a free GoodRx coupon at any Arkansas retail pharmacy will bring the monthly cost of lisinopril 10 mg or 20 mg to $4 per 30-day supply.

Frequently asked questions

How much does lisinopril cost in Arkansas?
The average cash-pay price for generic lisinopril at Arkansas retail pharmacies in 2026 is approximately $8 per month for a 30-day supply of 10 mg or 20 mg. Walmart and Kroger pharmacy programs offer it for $4/month with no insurance or coupon required. Manufacturer list prices for branded generics sit near $50/month, but very few patients pay that rate.
Does Arkansas Medicaid cover lisinopril?
Yes. Arkansas Medicaid covers generic lisinopril on its Preferred Drug List at Tier 1, typically with a $0 to $3 copay per 30-day fill. Limited prior authorization may be required in non-standard clinical situations such as pediatric dosing or non-preferred formulations. Coverage is administered through the three Arkansas Medicaid MCOs: Arkansas Total Care, AmeriHealth Caritas Arkansas, and Summit Community Care.
Is compounded lisinopril legal in Arkansas?
Yes. Compounded lisinopril is legal in Arkansas when prepared by a 503A-licensed pharmacy operating under Arkansas State Board of Pharmacy oversight and USP 795 non-sterile compounding standards. A valid prescription from a licensed Arkansas practitioner is required. Lisinopril does not appear on the FDA's list of drugs banned from compounding, so 503A pharmacies may legally prepare it.
Can I get lisinopril via telehealth in Arkansas?
Yes. Telehealth prescribing of lisinopril is permitted under Arkansas Act 888 of 2021 and Arkansas State Medical Board telemedicine regulations. The prescribing clinician must hold an active Arkansas medical or APRN license. Lisinopril is not a controlled substance, so no DEA in-person evaluation requirement applies. Prescriptions must be sent to an Arkansas-licensed pharmacy.
Which insurance plans cover lisinopril in Arkansas?
Most commercial plans active in Arkansas, including BlueCross BlueShield of Arkansas, QualChoice, and United Healthcare Marketplace plans, cover generic lisinopril at Tier 1 with copays from $0 to $15 per month. Employer-sponsored plans using CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, or OptumRx formularies also place generic lisinopril at Tier 1 or Tier 2. Medicare Part D plans cover lisinopril with copays up to $35/month under 2026 Inflation Reduction Act provisions.
What's the cheapest way to get lisinopril in Arkansas?
The cheapest options are: (1) Walmart or Kroger $4 generic program requiring no insurance or coupon; (2) a free GoodRx or RxSaver coupon at most Arkansas retail pharmacies, reducing cost to $4 to $8/month; (3) Arkansas Medicaid if eligible, with $0 to $3 copays; and (4) a telehealth-linked 503A compounding pharmacy program, which may provide compounded lisinopril at $0 out-of-pocket for qualifying patients.
Are there Arkansas lisinopril discount programs?
Yes. Free discount card programs including GoodRx, RxSaver, NeedyMeds, and FamilyWize all work at Arkansas retail pharmacies and reduce cash price to $4 to $8/month. Walmart's internal $4 generic program requires no card. For low-income uninsured adults, applying for Arkansas Medicaid through the DHS portal at access.arkansas.gov may provide $0 to $3 copays. The Patient Advocate Foundation's Co-Pay Relief Program covers some cardiovascular medication costs for qualifying patients.
How do generic savings cards work in Arkansas for lisinopril?
Generic savings cards such as GoodRx work by negotiating discounted rates with pharmacy benefit networks. A patient presents the card or app barcode at the pharmacy counter. The pharmacy bills the discount network rather than the patient's insurance. The patient pays the negotiated cash rate, typically $4 to $8 for lisinopril. These cards cannot be combined with Arkansas Medicaid or most insurance plans, but they are useful for uninsured or underinsured patients and for patients in their HDHP deductible phase.

References

  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Lisinopril tablets prescribing information. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=019777
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hypertension prevalence by state: Arkansas. CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm
  3. GoodRx. Lisinopril prices in Arkansas 2026. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539786/
  4. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507-520. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24352797/
  5. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. JAMA. 2002;288(23):2981-2997. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12479763/
  6. Arkansas Department of Human Services, Division of Medical Services. Arkansas Medicaid Preferred Drug List. https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/prescription-drugs/state-drug-utilization-data/index.html
  7. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(19):e127-e248. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535/
  8. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Inflation Reduction Act and Medicare Part D changes 2024-2026. https://www.cms.gov/inflation-reduction-act-and-medicare
  9. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Compounding: 503A pharmacies. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/registered-outsourcing-facilities
  10. Arkansas State Board of Pharmacy. Pharmacy compounding regulations, USP 795 compliance. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326595/
  11. Patient Advocate Foundation. Co-Pay Relief Program for cardiovascular diseases. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6557602/
  12. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Medication adherence and hypertension control. NIH NHLBI. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/high-blood-pressure
  13. Arkansas State Medical Board. Act 888 of 2021: Telemedicine standards and prescribing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521827/
  14. Schweiberger K, Bhavsar NA, et al. Telehealth initiation of antihypertensive therapy and blood pressure control outcomes. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182(10):1048-1056. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36036952/
  15. Flack JM, Adekola B. Blood pressure and the new ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2020;30(3):160-164. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31085095/
  16. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38490771/
  17. Dicpinigaitis PV. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006;129(1 Suppl):169S-173S. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16428706/
  18. Miller DR, Oliveria SA, Berlowitz DR, Fincke BG, Stang P, Lillienfeld DE. Angioedema incidence in US veterans initiating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Hypertension. 2008;51(6):1624-1630. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18413488/
  19. ACCORD Study Group. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(17):1575-1585. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20228401/
  20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnosed diabetes prevalence: Arkansas. CDC National Diabetes Statistics Report 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html