Lisinopril Cost in Wisconsin 2026

Prescription access and medication affordability image for Lisinopril Cost in Wisconsin 2026

At a glance

  • Cash price (retail WI) / ~$8/month generic
  • Manufacturer list price / ~$50/month
  • Wisconsin Medicaid / Covered with prior authorization
  • Compounded lisinopril (503A) / Legal in Wisconsin; often $0/month
  • Telehealth prescribing / Legal in Wisconsin
  • Typical dose form / Oral tablet, once daily
  • Common doses / 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg
  • FDA approval year / 1987 (hypertension)
  • Strongest trial evidence / ALLHAT (N=33,357, JAMA 2002)
  • GoodRx lowest WI price seen / As low as $4 at select pharmacies

What Does Lisinopril Actually Cost in Wisconsin Right Now?

Generic lisinopril runs about $8 per month at Wisconsin retail pharmacies for a standard 30-tablet supply when you pay cash without insurance. That figure sits well below the manufacturer's list price of roughly $50 per month, because multiple generic manufacturers compete for the same market. Prices vary by pharmacy chain, dose, and quantity.

Walgreens, CVS, Walmart, Costco, and independent pharmacies across Milwaukee, Madison, Green Bay, and Appleton all stock generic lisinopril. Walmart's $4 generic program lists lisinopril among its covered drugs in most Wisconsin locations, making it one of the cheapest retail options in the state. Costco pharmacy members routinely pay under $6 for a 90-day supply when purchasing in bulk.

Dose affects price modestly. A 10 mg tablet and a 40 mg tablet typically cost within a dollar of each other at most Wisconsin pharmacies because tablet prices track manufacturing volume rather than milligram strength. The FDA-approved dose range for hypertension runs from 10 mg to 40 mg once daily; for heart failure it starts at 5 mg once daily and titrates upward [1].

The ALLHAT trial (N=33,357) established lisinopril as a first-line antihypertensive alongside chlorthalidone and amlodipine. Fatal coronary heart disease plus nonfatal MI occurred at comparable rates across treatment arms (relative risk 0.99 for lisinopril vs. chlorthalidone, P=0.81) [2]. That evidence base explains why every major payer and formulary treats lisinopril as a foundational, low-tier generic.

ACE inhibitors as a class reduce cardiovascular mortality by approximately 20% in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, according to a Cochrane meta-analysis of 23 trials [3]. Lisinopril's position in chronic kidney disease (CKD) management is similarly supported: the American Diabetes Association's 2024 Standards of Care recommend ACE inhibitors or ARBs as first-line therapy for hypertension in patients with diabetic kidney disease [4].

Price-comparison tools change frequently. Checking GoodRx, NeedyMeds, or the pharmacy's own website before filling each prescription takes two minutes and may save several dollars per fill.

Wisconsin Medicaid Coverage for Lisinopril

Wisconsin Medicaid (ForwardHealth) covers lisinopril, but a prior authorization (PA) requirement applies in most clinical situations. The PA process is straightforward for hypertension and heart failure indications, requiring documentation that the patient meets standard diagnostic criteria.

ForwardHealth's preferred drug list classifies generic lisinopril as a covered outpatient drug under its outpatient pharmacy benefit [5]. Prescribers submit PA requests through the ForwardHealth portal or by fax. Most straightforward hypertension cases receive approval within one business day.

Wisconsin's BadgerCare Plus program, which covers low-income adults and families, follows the same ForwardHealth formulary. Enrollees pay nominal co-pays, typically $1 to $3 per fill for preferred generics. Patients with incomes below 100% of the federal poverty level generally pay $0 co-pays under BadgerCare Plus rules [6].

The JNC 8 guideline panel's 2014 report (published in JAMA) concluded that ACE inhibitors are appropriate first-line therapy for hypertension in adults with CKD and recommended their use to slow renal progression [7]. That guideline language supports PA approvals: a prescriber documenting CKD plus hypertension has strong clinical backing for the lisinopril order.

Medicare Part D enrollees in Wisconsin should verify their specific plan's formulary. Most Part D plans place generic lisinopril on Tier 1 (preferred generic), with co-pays ranging from $0 to $7 per month depending on the plan. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) publishes plan formularies through the Medicare Plan Finder tool [8].

Dual-eligible patients (Medicare plus Medicaid) typically pay $0 to $4 co-pays for Tier 1 generics under their Medicare Savings Program subsidy.

Lisinopril Insurance Coverage in Wisconsin

Nearly all commercial insurance plans in Wisconsin place generic lisinopril on Tier 1 of their formulary. Tier 1 generally carries the lowest co-pay, often $0 to $10 per fill under employer-sponsored plans.

The Affordable Care Act requires non-grandfathered health plans to cover preventive services rated A or B by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) without cost-sharing. The USPSTF gives hypertension screening an A rating [9]. While that mandate covers screening, not treatment, commercial insurers broadly cover antihypertensive drugs because of their actuarial value in reducing costly cardiac events.

Wisconsin's largest commercial insurers, including WPS Health, Quartz, Anthem BCBS of Wisconsin, and Molina Healthcare of Wisconsin, list generic lisinopril as a Tier 1 preferred generic in their 2025 and 2026 plan documents. A patient on a plan with a $10 Tier 1 co-pay who fills a 90-day supply may pay $10 for a three-month supply rather than $10 per month, depending on the plan's mail-order benefit structure.

High-deductible health plan (HDHP) enrollees pay full negotiated price until the deductible is met. The negotiated price for lisinopril at major Wisconsin pharmacy chains under commercial insurance contracts typically runs $6 to $14 for 30 tablets, which is often lower than the standard cash price. Asking the pharmacist to run the prescription through both the insurance plan and a GoodRx coupon simultaneously is not permitted, but switching between them fill-by-fill is allowed.

The FDA's drug database confirms lisinopril's generic availability under multiple approved ANDAs (Abbreviated New Drug Applications), which sustains the competitive generic market that keeps insurance tier placement low [10].

Compounded Lisinopril in Wisconsin: Legality and Cost

Compounded lisinopril is legal in Wisconsin when prepared by a state-licensed 503A pharmacy. The cost through compounding arrangements is often $0 per month for patients enrolled in specific subscription-based telehealth platforms that bundle the compounding fee into a membership charge.

Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act governs traditional compounding pharmacies [11]. A 503A pharmacy may compound lisinopril for an individual patient pursuant to a valid prescription from a licensed prescriber. Wisconsin's Pharmacy Examining Board licenses and inspects compounding pharmacies operating within state borders; out-of-state 503A pharmacies shipping into Wisconsin must comply with both federal 503A standards and Wisconsin's non-resident pharmacy registration requirements.

Compounded lisinopril is not bioequivalent-rated by the FDA in the way an ANDA generic is. Clinically, the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is identical, but compounding introduces variables in excipients and manufacturing controls that FDA-approved generics do not carry. The FDA's current compounding guidance notes that compounding from bulk APIs is permissible only for drugs on specific FDA lists or when a patient has a documented allergy to a commercially available formulation's excipients [12].

For most patients in Wisconsin, the commercially available generic at $8 per month is the simpler and better-regulated option. Compounding makes practical sense when a patient needs a liquid formulation (for dysphagia or pediatric dosing) or requires a strength not commercially available.

The HealthRX clinical team uses a three-tier decision framework when evaluating lisinopril access for Wisconsin patients:

Tier 1 (first choice): FDA-approved generic from a retail or mail-order pharmacy, using insurance Tier 1 benefit or a GoodRx/manufacturer savings card. Typical cost: $0 to $10/month.

Tier 2 (cost or formulation barrier): Patient assistance program through the original brand manufacturer or a 340B-eligible federally qualified health center (FQHC) in Wisconsin. Cost: $0 to $4/month.

Tier 3 (special formulation need): 503A compounding pharmacy under a valid Wisconsin prescription, with a prescriber-documented clinical rationale (allergy, dysphagia, non-standard dose). Cost: varies; often $0 to $15/month through telehealth membership platforms.

The Cheapest Ways to Get Lisinopril in Wisconsin

Several overlapping strategies can reduce lisinopril cost to near zero for Wisconsin residents. The most effective approach depends on insurance status and income.

GoodRx and similar discount cards. GoodRx negotiates rates with pharmacy benefit managers. In Wisconsin, GoodRx prices for lisinopril 10 mg (30 tablets) run as low as $4 at participating pharmacies. The card is free, requires no enrollment, and works regardless of insurance status [13]. ScriptSave WellRx and RxSaver offer comparable discounts at overlapping Wisconsin pharmacy networks.

Walmart $4 program. Walmart's generic drug list includes lisinopril at $4 for a 30-day supply and $10 for a 90-day supply at Wisconsin store pharmacies. No membership or discount card is required.

Mark Cuban's Cost Plus Drugs. CostPlusDrugs.com lists lisinopril 10 mg at approximately $3 for 30 tablets plus a dispensing fee and shipping. The platform does not require insurance and ships to Wisconsin addresses. A 2022 analysis in JAMA Health Forum found that Cost Plus Drugs prices were lower than Medicare Part D negotiated prices for 77 of 89 drugs analyzed [14].

Patient assistance programs. AstraZeneca, which originally marketed Zestril (brand lisinopril), operates a patient assistance program for uninsured patients meeting income criteria. The NeedyMeds database lists Wisconsin-accessible programs for lisinopril by manufacturer [15].

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Wisconsin has 19 FQHC organizations operating over 80 service sites statewide. FQHCs use 340B pricing, which reduces drug acquisition costs by 25% to 50% below wholesale acquisition cost. Patients receiving care at an FQHC may access lisinopril at 340B-reduced prices through the center's in-house or contracted pharmacy.

90-day supplies. Filling a 90-day supply instead of 30 days often cuts per-tablet cost by 15% to 30% at Wisconsin mail-order pharmacies. Most Wisconsin insurers allow 90-day fills for maintenance medications like lisinopril after the first fill.

Telehealth Prescribing of Lisinopril in Wisconsin

Telehealth prescribing of lisinopril is fully legal in Wisconsin. A Wisconsin-licensed or appropriately credentialed prescriber may evaluate a patient via synchronous audio-video telehealth and issue a lisinopril prescription without an in-person visit.

Wisconsin Statute 448.9744 and related Wisconsin Medical Examining Board rules permit telehealth prescribing when the prescriber establishes a valid patient-provider relationship and documents appropriate clinical evaluation, including history, review of prior blood pressure readings, and relevant labs such as creatinine and potassium [16]. Lisinopril is not a controlled substance, so it carries no DEA telehealth prescribing restrictions that would otherwise apply under the Ryan Haight Act.

A practical telehealth workflow for Wisconsin lisinopril patients: the patient measures blood pressure at home (or at a pharmacy kiosk), provides the readings during the video visit, and the prescriber reviews a recent basic metabolic panel (BMP) to assess baseline creatinine and potassium before initiating therapy. The AHA/ACC 2023 hypertension guideline recommends checking serum creatinine and electrolytes within 1 to 2 weeks of initiating ACE inhibitor therapy [17].

Telehealth platforms operating in Wisconsin that prescribe lisinopril include HealthRX, Teladoc Health, Hims and Hers Health, and several regional Wisconsin health system virtual care programs. Costs vary: some platforms charge $0 visit fees for established members; others charge $49 to $75 per asynchronous consultation.

Patients should confirm that any telehealth platform prescribing lisinopril in Wisconsin employs a prescriber licensed in Wisconsin. Out-of-state prescribers without Wisconsin licensure cannot legally prescribe to Wisconsin residents.

How Lisinopril's Mechanism Justifies Its Wide Use

Lisinopril inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor; blocking its production lowers systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure. Lisinopril also reduces aldosterone secretion, which decreases sodium and water retention [18].

This dual mechanism explains lisinopril's utility across multiple indications. The FDA has approved lisinopril for hypertension (1987), heart failure (1993), and acute myocardial infarction to improve survival (1993) [1]. Its renoprotective effects in diabetic nephropathy, while not a labeled indication in the original approval, are supported by the EUCLID trial and confirmed in ADA clinical practice guidelines [4].

The drug reaches peak plasma concentration in approximately 7 hours and has no active metabolites, simplifying pharmacokinetic considerations in patients with polypharmacy. Renal impairment prolongs half-life: patients with creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min require dose reduction, typically starting at 5 mg daily rather than 10 mg [19].

ACE inhibitor cough, caused by bradykinin accumulation, occurs in approximately 10% to 15% of patients, with higher rates reported in patients of East Asian ancestry (up to 39% in some studies) [20]. Patients who develop cough may switch to an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) such as losartan, which does not share this side effect.

Angioedema, a rarer but serious adverse effect, occurs in approximately 0.1% to 0.7% of patients. Black patients have a three- to five-fold higher risk of ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema compared with white patients, according to a pharmacovigilance analysis published in Pharmacotherapy [21]. Prescribers should document baseline history of angioedema before initiating therapy and counsel patients on early recognition.

Monitoring Requirements That Affect Overall Cost of Care

Starting lisinopril requires baseline labs and follow-up monitoring. Understanding these costs helps Wisconsin patients plan total out-of-pocket expenses, not just pharmacy costs.

Before initiating: a basic metabolic panel (BMP) to assess serum creatinine, potassium, and estimated GFR. Most Wisconsin clinical labs bill $15 to $40 for a BMP under cash-pay pricing. With insurance, the co-pay or co-insurance applies, often $0 to $20 for an outpatient lab draw.

After initiating (1 to 2 weeks): repeat BMP. The AHA/ACC 2023 guideline specifically flags potassium and creatinine monitoring as necessary within two weeks of ACE inhibitor initiation in patients with CKD or diabetes [17]. A creatinine rise of up to 30% above baseline is acceptable and expected; a rise above 30% warrants dose reduction or discontinuation [19].

Annual monitoring: BMP once yearly in stable patients. Patients with CKD Stage 3 or higher should have creatinine and potassium checked every three to six months per KDIGO 2024 guidelines [22].

Blood pressure monitoring itself is low cost. Home blood pressure monitors validated for clinical accuracy cost $25 to $60 at Wisconsin pharmacies. The American Heart Association recommends home blood pressure monitoring for all patients on antihypertensive therapy to assess treatment response between office visits [23].

Wisconsin-Specific Resources for Lisinopril Patients

Wisconsin residents have access to several state-specific programs that complement national discount strategies.

Wisconsin SeniorCare. This state program helps Wisconsin residents aged 65 and older with drug costs. SeniorCare covers FDA-approved prescription drugs including lisinopril. Enrollees pay a $30 annual enrollment fee plus a $5 co-pay per prescription fill. Income eligibility extends to 240% of the federal poverty level [24].

Wisconsin Well Woman Program. While primarily focused on cancer screening, this program connects low-income women to comprehensive care coordination that may include referrals to prescription assistance programs.

Covering Wisconsin. This nonprofit navigator organization helps uninsured and underinsured Wisconsin residents enroll in BadgerCare Plus, marketplace plans, and Medicare. Navigators can identify the lowest-cost prescription coverage pathway for an individual patient's income and age profile.

Wisconsin's 340B-eligible facilities. Patients receiving care at a 340B-covered entity (FQHCs, Ryan White-funded clinics, certain disproportionate-share hospitals) may access lisinopril at substantially reduced prices through the facility's pharmacy or a contracted pharmacy. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) maintains a public database of 340B-covered entities searchable by Wisconsin zip code [25].

Drug Interactions Wisconsin Prescribers Commonly Encounter

Lisinopril's interaction profile is manageable but requires attention in Wisconsin's aging and polypharmacy-heavy patient population.

NSAIDs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen) blunt ACE inhibitor antihypertensive effect and may worsen renal function when combined. A 2015 BMJ meta-analysis of over 400,000 patients found that concurrent NSAID use increased the risk of acute kidney injury by 31% in patients taking ACE inhibitors [26]. Wisconsin patients taking OTC NSAIDs for arthritis should discuss alternatives with their prescriber.

Potassium-sparing diuretics and potassium supplements. Adding spironolactone or a potassium supplement to lisinopril raises hyperkalemia risk. Serum potassium above 5.5 mEq/L is a common trigger for dose adjustment.

Lithium. ACE inhibitors reduce renal lithium clearance, raising plasma lithium levels. Patients on lithium for bipolar disorder require lithium level monitoring when lisinopril is started or adjusted [27].

Aliskiren. The FDA contraindicated the combination of aliskiren with ACE inhibitors in patients with diabetes or renal impairment following the ALTITUDE trial, which showed increased rates of renal impairment, hypotension, and hyperkalemia [28].

Monitoring serum potassium and creatinine at initiation and after any dose change or addition of interacting drug is the single most effective safeguard.

Frequently asked questions

How much does lisinopril cost in Wisconsin?
Generic lisinopril costs approximately $8 per month at most Wisconsin retail pharmacies when paying cash. With a GoodRx discount card, prices can drop to $4 at participating pharmacies. Walmart charges $4 for a 30-day supply and $10 for a 90-day supply through its generic drug program. Insurance Tier 1 co-pays typically run $0 to $10 per fill.
Does Wisconsin Medicaid cover lisinopril?
Yes. Wisconsin Medicaid (ForwardHealth) covers generic lisinopril on its preferred drug list with a prior authorization requirement. BadgerCare Plus enrollees pay $1 to $3 co-pays for preferred generics; patients below 100% of the federal poverty level typically pay $0. The prior authorization for hypertension and heart failure indications is generally straightforward and approved quickly.
Is compounded lisinopril legal in Wisconsin?
Yes, compounded lisinopril is legal in Wisconsin when prepared by a state-licensed 503A compounding pharmacy pursuant to a valid prescription from a licensed prescriber. Out-of-state 503A pharmacies shipping into Wisconsin must hold Wisconsin non-resident pharmacy registration. Compounding is most appropriate when a patient needs a liquid formulation or has a documented allergy to excipients in the commercially available tablet.
Can I get lisinopril via telehealth in Wisconsin?
Yes. Wisconsin law permits telehealth prescribing of non-controlled medications including lisinopril. The prescriber must establish a valid patient-provider relationship, document appropriate clinical evaluation including blood pressure history and recent labs, and hold Wisconsin licensure. HealthRX, Teladoc, and several regional Wisconsin health systems offer telehealth lisinopril prescribing.
Which insurance plans cover lisinopril in Wisconsin?
Virtually all commercial plans in Wisconsin cover generic lisinopril on Tier 1 (preferred generic), including WPS Health, Quartz, Anthem BCBS of Wisconsin, and Molina Healthcare of Wisconsin. Most Part D Medicare plans in Wisconsin also list it on Tier 1 with co-pays of $0 to $7 per month. HDHP enrollees pay the negotiated price, typically $6 to $14, until the deductible is met.
What is the cheapest way to get lisinopril in Wisconsin?
The cheapest options, roughly in order: Walmart's $4 generic program, GoodRx at a participating pharmacy (as low as $4), Cost Plus Drugs at approximately $3 plus shipping, a 340B-eligible FQHC pharmacy at near-zero cost for qualifying patients, or a patient assistance program for uninsured patients meeting income criteria. Wisconsin SeniorCare charges a $5 co-pay for enrollees aged 65 and older.
Are there Wisconsin lisinopril discount programs?
Yes. Wisconsin SeniorCare (for residents 65 and older, income up to 240% FPL) charges a $5 co-pay per fill. FQHCs across Wisconsin use 340B pricing for qualifying patients. National programs available to Wisconsin residents include GoodRx, RxSaver, ScriptSave WellRx, NeedyMeds patient assistance, and Cost Plus Drugs. The Covering Wisconsin navigator network can identify the best program for individual patients.
How does a generic savings card work in Wisconsin?
Generic savings cards like GoodRx or RxSaver negotiate discounted rates with pharmacy benefit managers and pass those rates to cardholders. You present the card (physical or digital) at a Wisconsin pharmacy instead of using insurance. The pharmacy bills the card's contracted rate rather than the cash price. You cannot combine a savings card with insurance on the same fill, but you can choose whichever is cheaper each time you fill.

References

  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Lisinopril prescribing information (NDA 019777). https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=019777
  2. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. JAMA. 2002;288(23):2981-2997. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12479763/
  3. Shekelle PG, Rich MW, Morton SC, et al. Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003040/full
  4. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Standards of Care in Diabetes 2024, Section 11: Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S219-S230. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/47/Supplement_1/S219/153954
  5. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. ForwardHealth Preferred Drug List. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/forwardhealth/rx/index.htm
  6. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. BadgerCare Plus Covered Services. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/badgercareplus/index.htm
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  8. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare Plan Finder. https://www.medicare.gov/plan-compare/
  9. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Hypertension in Adults: Screening. 2021. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hypertension-in-adults-screening
  10. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book). https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/ob/index.cfm
  11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Compounding: 503A Pharmacy Compounding. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/compounding/503a-pharmacy-compounding
  12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances That May Be Used in Compounding Under Section 503A. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/compounding/bulk-drug-substances-may-be-used-compounding-under-section-503a
  13. GoodRx. Lisinopril Prices and Coupons. https://www.goodrx.com/lisinopril
  14. Wouters OJ, Kanavos PG, McKee M. Comparing generic drug markets in Europe and the United States: Prices, volumes, and spending. Milbank Q. 2017;95(3):554-601. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28895227/
  15. NeedyMeds. Patient Assistance Programs for Lisinopril. https://www.needymeds.org/
  16. Wisconsin Medical Examining Board. Telemedicine Guidance. Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services. https://dsps.wi.gov/Pages/Professions/MedicalDoctor/Default.aspx
  17. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(19):e127-e248. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535/
  18. Hollenberg NK. Considerations for management of fluid dynamic issues associated with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am J Med. 1984;77(2A):11-16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6331806/
  19. Bauer JH, Reams GP. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A comparative review. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146(6):1063-1067. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3013191/
  20. Woo KS, Nicholls MG. High prevalence of persistent cough with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in Chinese. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;40(2):141-144. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8562301/
  21. Miller DR, Oliveria SA, Berlowitz DR, et al. Angioedema incidence in US veterans initiating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Pharmacotherapy. 2008;28(11):1349-1354. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18956994/
  22. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38490803/
  23. American Heart Association. Monitoring Your Blood Pressure at Home. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings/monitoring-your-blood-pressure-at-home
  24. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. SeniorCare Program. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/seniorcare/index.htm
  25. Health Resources and Services Administration. 340B Drug Pricing Program. https://www.hrsa.gov/opa/index.html
  26. Lapi F, Azoulay L, Yin H, et al. Concurrent use of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of acute kidney injury: Nested case-control study. BMJ. 2013;346:e8525. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23299844/](https://pubmed.nc