47 clinically reviewed articles, written and peer-reviewed by the HealthRX.com Medical Team.
Showing 47 of 47 clinical reviews.
A clinician-reviewed guide to Addison's disease covering primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency, cortisol replacement, fludrocortisone dosing, adrenal crisis recognition, and when to seek emergency care.
A comprehensive clinical guide to adrenal adenomas covering incidental discovery, hormonal workup, Cushing syndrome, Conn syndrome, Addison disease, secondary adrenal insufficiency, and evidence-based management options.
A clinician-reviewed guide to HPA axis physiology and cortisol management across pregnancy, pediatric populations, long-term steroid users, and athletes with HPA dysfunction. Includes doses, timelines, and evidence-based protocols.
A clinician-reviewed guide to adrenal cortisol physiology, lab testing, high and low cortisol disorders, and evidence-based treatments with specific drug names, doses, and trial data.
Learn how to recognize adrenal crisis symptoms, distinguish them from steroid withdrawal syndrome, and act fast. Reviewed by board-certified physicians.
A board-reviewed guide to adrenal crisis: what triggers it, how to recognize early warning signs, emergency hydrocortisone dosing, and how to prevent life-threatening adrenal collapse in Addison's disease and secondary adrenal insufficiency.
A clinical deep-dive into hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in athletes, covering overtraining, relative energy deficiency in sport, pregnancy, pediatric cases, and long-term steroid users. Reviewed by HealthRX.com physicians.
Chronic stress reshapes your HPA axis, not your adrenal glands. Learn what cortisol actually does, whether adrenal fatigue is real, how to test for Cushing's, and what normal AM cortisol levels look like.
A clinician-reviewed guide to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): the enzyme defects behind it, how it differs from Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome, and the specific glucocorticoid regimens used to treat it.
A detailed breakdown of hydrocortisone costs for adrenal insufficiency, including generic vs. brand pricing, insurance coverage, patient assistance programs, and money-saving strategies.
Cushing's disease is caused by a pituitary adenoma secreting excess ACTH. Learn how it differs from Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, and adrenal crisis, plus current diagnostic criteria and treatment options.
A clinician-reviewed guide to Cushing's syndrome covering cortisol excess, ACTH-dependent vs independent causes, diagnostic testing, treatment options, and adrenal crisis prevention.
A clinician-reviewed guide to dexamethasone covering FDA-approved uses, dosing, potency comparisons with prednisone and hydrocortisone, side effects, and when fludrocortisone is needed instead.
A clinical comparison of DHEA supplementation versus no DHEA in Addison's disease, covering trial data, quality-of-life outcomes, dosing protocols, and how DHEA fits alongside hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone regimens.
Adrenal insufficiency vs. Addison's disease explained by the HealthRX.com medical team. Covers cortisol physiology, normal AM cortisol ranges, adrenal fatigue evidence, and Cushing's testing protocols.
Caffeine does raise cortisol, but the size and duration of the spike depend on dose, tolerance, timing, and individual stress physiology. Here is what clinical evidence says about caffeine and cortisol.
A clinician-reviewed guide to fludrocortisone (Florinef) covering mechanism, approved indications, dosing, side effects, monitoring, and comparisons with hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone.
A physician-reviewed guide to Cushing's syndrome testing, normal AM cortisol ranges, the truth about adrenal fatigue, and what causes low cortisol. Includes specific labs, cutoffs, and next steps.
A detailed breakdown of Cushing's syndrome drug costs, from mifepristone (Korlym) and osilodrostat (Isturisa) to off-label ketoconazole and hydrocortisone replacement therapy.
A step-by-step guide to requesting cortisol testing from your doctor, including which tests to ask for, how to frame your symptoms, and what results actually mean.
A clinician-reviewed guide to HPA axis dysfunction covering the full spectrum from Addison's disease and secondary adrenal insufficiency to Cushing's syndrome and subclinical dysregulation, with diagnostic thresholds, named trials, and treatment protocols.
A clinician-reviewed guide to hydrocortisone (Cortef) covering FDA-approved uses, physiologic vs. stress dosing, corticosteroid comparisons, side effects, and adrenal insufficiency management protocols.
Evidence-based guide to hydrocortisone replacement dosing for adrenal insufficiency, including stress dose protocols, sick day rules for Addison's disease, and safe prednisone tapering.
A physician-reviewed comparison of hydrocortisone and prednisone covering potency, dosing, adrenal replacement, modified-release formulations, and DHEA add-on therapy for Addison's disease.
A clinician-reviewed guide to the HPA axis covering normal physiology, Addison's disease, secondary adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, and Cushing's disease, with specific doses, trials, and diagnostic thresholds.
Adrenal fatigue is not a recognized medical diagnosis. The real condition behind your symptoms is HPA axis dysregulation, a measurable dysfunction in cortisol signaling. Here is what the science says and what to do about it.
A clinician-reviewed guide to ketoconazole for Cushing's syndrome covering mechanism, dosing, monitoring, liver safety, and comparisons with hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone.
A clinician-reviewed guide to mifepristone (Korlym) for Cushing's syndrome, including FDA-approved dosing, side effects, monitoring, and comparisons with hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone.
Evidence-based guide to mitotane (Lysodren) for adrenocortical carcinoma, including current dosing, blood-level monitoring, adrenal replacement, interactions, and safety.
A clinical comparison of modified release hydrocortisone (Plenadren, Chronocort) versus conventional immediate-release hydrocortisone for adrenal insufficiency, including dosing, outcomes, and DHEA replacement evidence.
Long-term corticosteroid use in older adults raises risks of osteoporosis, adrenal suppression, and metabolic harm. Learn evidence-based monitoring, tapering protocols, and protective strategies.
Evidence-based review of osilodrostat (Isturisa) for Cushing's disease: mechanism, dosing, efficacy from LINC 3 and LINC 4 trials, safety, and how it compares to hydrocortisone, prednisone, and other corticosteroids.
A board-reviewed clinical guide to pasireotide (Signifor and Signifor LAR) for Cushing's disease and acromegaly, with direct comparisons to hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone across dosing, adrenal suppression, and safety.
An evidence-based guide to pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma symptoms, metanephrine testing, imaging, genetics, surgery, and long-term follow-up.
Post-steroid adrenal suppression occurs when exogenous glucocorticoids shut down the HPA axis. Learn how long recovery takes, how to taper safely, and when secondary adrenal insufficiency requires hormone replacement.
A clinician-reviewed guide to prednisolone covering indications, dosing, side effects, and how it differs from prednisone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, and fludrocortisone (Florinef).
A physician-reviewed guide to prednisone covering approved uses, dosing ranges, side effects, tapering, and comparisons with hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, and fludrocortisone.
Secondary adrenal insufficiency occurs when the pituitary gland fails to produce enough ACTH, leaving the adrenal glands starved of their main signal. Learn causes, symptoms, diagnosis workup, and hydrocortisone dosing from HealthRX.com's clinical team.
Adaptogens are widely marketed for 'adrenal support,' but what does the clinical evidence actually show? Learn what cortisol does, how to test it properly, and when adaptogens may or may not help.
A physician-reviewed guide to sick day rules for Addison's disease covering hydrocortisone stress dosing, injectable emergency protocols, and when to go to the ER.
Steroid withdrawal syndrome causes fatigue, joint pain, low cortisol, and adrenal crisis risk. Learn the symptoms, timeline, and evidence-based tapering strategies reviewed by the HealthRX.com medical team.
Evidence-based stress dose steroid protocols for adrenal insufficiency, Addison's disease, and surgical patients. Covers hydrocortisone dosing, sick day rules, perioperative coverage, and safe prednisone tapering with cited guidelines.
A complete, physician-reviewed guide to tapering prednisone safely, including dose reduction schedules, hydrocortisone replacement dosing, stress dose steroid protocols, and sick day rules for adrenal insufficiency.
Low cortisol can result from autoimmune adrenal destruction, pituitary disorders, or long-term steroid withdrawal. Learn the causes, testing, and when to seek treatment.
Cortisol regulates metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation. Learn what normal levels look like, how testing works, and what happens when cortisol is too high or too low.
Missing a dose of hydrocortisone can trigger adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency. Learn the risks, symptoms, and emergency steps for skipped cortisol replacement.
Normal morning cortisol ranges from 6 to 18 mcg/dL when drawn between 7 and 9 AM. Learn what cortisol does, what abnormal results mean, and how doctors test for Cushing syndrome and adrenal insufficiency.