79 clinically reviewed articles, written and peer-reviewed by the HealthRX.com Medical Team.
Showing 79 of 79 clinical reviews.
A clinician-reviewed guide to acarbose for type 2 diabetes: mechanism, dosing, side effects, and head-to-head comparisons with metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone (Actos), and empagliflozin (Jardiance).
Learn how to adjust basal and bolus insulin doses around aerobic exercise, resistance training, and mixed activity to prevent hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, with specific dose recommendations, carb strategies, and real trial data.
A clinician-reviewed guide to adjusting insulin during illness, covering sick-day rules, basal-bolus regimens, insulin-to-carb ratios, correction factors, and when to call your provider.
A clinician-reviewed guide to basal bolus insulin therapy covering how to determine insulin-to-carb ratios, calculate correction factors, set pump basal rates, and dose safely for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
A physician-reviewed guide to the best foods for insulin resistance, normal A1c ranges, dangerous blood sugar thresholds, and why morning highs happen, with clinical evidence throughout.
Metformin cuts prediabetes-to-diabetes progression by 31% in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Learn the doses, timelines, A1c targets, and lifestyle steps that determine whether prediabetes can be stopped or reversed.
A board-reviewed guide explaining when stopping insulin is medically possible, what blood sugar and A1c targets matter, why morning highs happen, and the exact steps to discuss with your prescriber.
A clinician-reviewed guide to canagliflozin (Invokana) covering mechanism, dosing, cardiovascular and renal outcomes, side effects, and how it compares with metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and empagliflozin.
A clinician-reviewed comparison of continuous glucose monitors and fingerstick testing covering accuracy, cost, insurance coverage, and which patients benefit most from each method.
A clinician-reviewed breakdown of CGM costs, insulin prices after the IRA cap, manufacturer assistance programs, and GoodRx generics, with specific numbers, named devices, and primary-source citations.
A clinician-reviewed breakdown of insulin prices in 2026, including IRA caps, manufacturer assistance programs, CGM costs, generic options, and GoodRx savings strategies for every insulin type.
A complete clinical guide to dapagliflozin (Farxiga), the SGLT2 inhibitor approved for type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Covers mechanism, dosing, trial data, comparisons to metformin and empagliflozin, and who qualifies.
A board-reviewed clinical guide to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): what triggers it, how to recognize the warning signs, emergency treatment protocols, and how to reduce recurrence risk in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Diabetic nephropathy affects roughly 40% of people with diabetes. Learn the five stages, first-line treatments including SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone, and evidence-based strategies to slow kidney decline.
A clinician-reviewed guide to diabetic neuropathy covering peripheral, autonomic, proximal, and focal types, with evidence-based treatments, screening schedules, and prevention strategies for type 1, type 2, and prediabetes patients.
A comprehensive clinical guide to diabetic retinopathy covering how chronic hyperglycemia damages retinal vessels, the four ETDRS stages, screening intervals, laser and anti-VEGF treatments, and the HbA1c targets that cut progression risk.
SGLT2 inhibitors can trigger euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis even when blood glucose looks normal. Learn the proven prevention strategies, risk factors, sick-day rules, and when to hold the drug.
A clinical comparison of berberine vs. metformin: mechanisms, trial data, A1C targets, dangerous glucose thresholds, and the dawn phenomenon explained with primary-source citations.
Stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline directly raise blood glucose. Learn the exact physiology, dangerous thresholds, normal A1C ranges, morning highs, and evidence-based steps to bring numbers down.
A clinician-reviewed guide to empagliflozin (Jardiance): how the SGLT2 inhibitor lowers blood sugar, protects the heart and kidneys, dosing, side effects, and head-to-head comparisons with metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and dapagliflozin.
A physician-reviewed guide to gestational diabetes covering diagnosis, glucose targets, insulin vs oral agents, diet, and the lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes for mother and child.
Evidence-based glipizide guide covering immediate- and extended-release dosing, hypoglycemia, kidney considerations, and accurate comparisons with common diabetes medicines.
A clinician-reviewed guide to using GoodRx coupons for generic insulin, the IRA $35 cap, manufacturer patient assistance programs, and CGM costs in 2026.
Alcohol disrupts blood sugar in multiple, competing ways: it blocks glucose release from the liver, spikes blood sugar through carbohydrate load, and masks hypoglycemia symptoms. Learn the mechanisms, the numbers, and the clinical strategies that keep you safe.
A complete clinical guide to hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS): blood glucose thresholds, osmolality targets, fluid and insulin protocols, and how it differs from DKA.
A clinician-reviewed guide to hypoglycemia: blood sugar thresholds, symptom stages, emergency treatment, and long-term prevention for type 1, type 2, and prediabetes patients.
A comprehensive clinical guide to insulin resistance, hypoglycemia risk, glucose monitoring, and diabetes remission after bariatric surgery, covering special populations including pregnancy, older adults, children, and renal disease.
How exercise changes insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and hypoglycemia risk in athletes with diabetes, including guidance for pregnancy, older adults, children, and renal disease.
A clinician-reviewed guide to insulin therapy and blood glucose management in children, with evidence-based targets, dosing frameworks, and guidance for pregnancy, older adults, renal disease, and heart failure.
How heart failure alters insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and blood sugar management. Evidence-based guidance on safe glycemic targets, preferred agents, and dose adjustments for heart failure patients.
A clinician-reviewed guide to insulin therapy and blood sugar management in older adults, covering age-appropriate targets, hypoglycemia risk, renal and cardiac comorbidities, and ADA/AACE guideline recommendations.
A clinician-reviewed guide to managing insulin resistance, blood sugar targets, and diabetes medications before and during pregnancy, with coverage of special populations including older adults, children, and those with renal disease.
A clinician-reviewed guide covering how insulin and blood glucose behave during pregnancy, gestational diabetes diagnosis and treatment, target glucose ranges, insulin types used in pregnancy, and special considerations for older adults, children, people with renal disease, and heart failure.
How chronic kidney disease changes insulin pharmacokinetics, alters hypoglycemia risk, and demands tailored dosing strategies, with evidence-based guidance for CKD stages 1-5 and dialysis.
A clinician-reviewed guide to how insulin regulates blood glucose, what normal and abnormal levels look like, how insulin resistance develops, and what treatments exist.
A clinician-reviewed guide to insulin aspart, covering NovoLog vs. Fiasp formulations, onset and duration, dosing protocols, drug comparisons with metformin and empagliflozin, side effects, and storage guidance.
The Inflation Reduction Act capped insulin copays at $35/month for Medicare beneficiaries and triggered private-market price cuts. Here is what the IRA insulin cap covers, what it misses, and how to minimize your total diabetes costs in 2026.
A complete clinical guide to insulin carb counting: how to determine your insulin-to-carb ratio, calculate correction factors, set up basal-bolus regimens, and configure insulin pump settings.
Learn what the insulin correction factor (sensitivity factor) is, how to calculate it using the 1700 and 1800 rules, how it fits into basal-bolus therapy, and how clinicians adjust it over time.
A clinician-reviewed guide to insulin degludec (Tresiba), covering mechanism, dosing, clinical trial data, and how it compares to metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and empagliflozin.
A comprehensive clinical guide to insulin detemir (Levemir), covering mechanism, dosing, side effects, and comparisons with metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and empagliflozin for type 1 and type 2 diabetes management.
Everything clinicians and patients need to know about insulin glargine brands Lantus, Basaglar, and Toujeo, dosing, pharmacokinetics, switching rules, cost, and how glargine compares with metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and empagliflozin.
A physician-reviewed guide to recognizing, treating, and preventing insulin-induced hypoglycemia, with coverage of metformin lactic acidosis risk, SGLT2 inhibitor DKA, sulfonylurea dangers in older adults, and pioglitazone safety signals.
A comprehensive clinical guide to insulin lispro (Humalog and Lyumjev), covering mechanism of action, dosing, side effects, comparisons with metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and empagliflozin, and the latest FDA-approved indications.
A complete clinical guide to insulin pump settings, including how to set basal rates, insulin-to-carb ratios, correction factors, and insulin on board. Reviewed by HealthRX.com physicians.
A physician-reviewed guide to insulin resistance covering mechanisms, risk factors, diagnostic thresholds, and evidence-based treatment including diet, exercise, metformin, and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Learn how to calculate your insulin-to-carb ratio (ICR), verify it with real-meal tests, adjust for correction factors, and integrate it into basal-bolus and pump regimens. Clinician-reviewed guidance with primary-source citations.
Skipping meals on insulin raises your hypoglycemia risk significantly. Learn what blood sugar levels are dangerous, what causes morning highs, how the dawn phenomenon works, and what the ADA guidelines say about meal timing on insulin therapy.
A clinician-reviewed guide to metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA): real incidence rates, who is at risk, FDA contraindications, drug interactions, and when to hold or stop the drug safely.
A detailed clinical comparison of insulin glargine (Lantus) and insulin degludec (Tresiba), covering duration of action, hypoglycemia risk, dosing flexibility, and cost to help patients and clinicians choose the right basal insulin.
A physician-reviewed guide to linagliptin (Tradjenta) covering mechanism, 5 mg dosing, side effects, kidney safety advantages, and head-to-head comparisons with metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and empagliflozin for type 2 diabetes.
A complete guide to manufacturer patient assistance programs (PAPs) for insulin, CGMs, and diabetes medications, including eligibility, savings amounts, and how the Inflation Reduction Act's $35 cap interacts with these programs.
Metabolic syndrome affects 1 in 3 American adults and dramatically raises the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Learn how insulin resistance drives the condition, how it is diagnosed, and what clinical interventions actually work.
A physician-reviewed guide to metformin covering how it works, standard doses, A1C reduction data, side effects, and head-to-head comparisons with glipizide, pioglitazone, empagliflozin (Jardiance), and dapagliflozin (Farxiga).
Learn how to titrate metformin safely, manage GI side effects, and understand how it fits into basal-bolus insulin regimens, carb counting, and insulin-to-carb ratio calculations.
A physician-reviewed comparison of metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists covering mechanism, efficacy, weight loss, cardiovascular outcomes, side effects, cost, and when to use each drug or both together.
MODY (maturity-onset diabetes of the young) is a rare, single-gene form of diabetes that is frequently misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2. Learn about the 14 subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and targeted treatments that can eliminate the need for insulin in most cases.
A clinical comparison of insulin aspart (Novolog) and insulin lispro (Humalog): onset, peak, duration, dosing, side effects, cost, and how each fits into a modern diabetes regimen alongside CGM, basal insulin, and oral agents.
A complete clinical guide to NPH insulin covering mechanism, dosing, mixing rules, comparisons with metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and empagliflozin, plus current ADA and FDA guidance.
Complete clinical guide to pioglitazone (Actos) for type 2 diabetes: mechanism, dosing, side effects, cardiovascular data, and head-to-head comparisons with metformin, glipizide, empagliflozin, and dapagliflozin.
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