NMN/NR Vaccine Interaction Profile: What You Need to Know Before Your Next Shot
At a glance
- Regulatory status / Oral dietary supplements in the US; not FDA-approved drugs [1]
- Drug-interaction data / No human drug-interaction studies of NMN or NR were found [2]
- Vaccine guidance / CDC precautions name severe immunocompromise (for certain live vaccines) and moderate or severe acute illness, not NMN or NR [3]
- Doses studied / Short human trials included NMN 250 mg/day, 300 to 900 mg/day, and 1,250 mg once daily, and NR 1,000 to 3,000 mg/day [4][5][6][7][8][9]
Is There a Known Interaction Between NMN or NR and Vaccines?
We found no published study that tested NMN or NR with a vaccine. No human drug-interaction studies of NMN or NR, whether CYP, transporter or pharmacodynamic, were found either [2].
Neither is an FDA-approved drug; both are sold in the US as oral dietary supplements [1]. CDC guidance on vaccine precautions says severely immunocompromised people generally should not receive live vaccines and that moderate or severe acute illness is a precaution for all vaccines. It does not mention NMN or NR [3].
What Did the Human Trials Measure?
Short randomized trials reported safety and blood NAD+ changes. None of them reported vaccine responses or vaccination timing:
- NMN 250 mg/day for 12 weeks in 30 healthy adults: no abnormalities on laboratory or physiological testing and no obvious adverse effects [4].
- NMN 300, 600 or 900 mg/day for 60 days in 80 middle-aged adults: blood NAD rose in all NMN groups, with no safety issues on adverse-event, laboratory and clinical monitoring [5].
- NMN 1,250 mg once daily for up to 4 weeks in 31 healthy adults: no severe adverse events and no changes beyond physiological variation in laboratory measures [6].
- NR 1,500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks in 20 people with Parkinson's disease: no moderate or severe adverse events [8].
What About Longer-Term Safety?
Human safety data for NMN and NR beyond about 12 weeks are lacking, and the trials were small [2]. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, and people with cancer or kidney or liver disease were not studied in those trials [2].
Frequently asked questions
Does NMN or NR affect how well a vaccine works?
The human trials measured blood NAD+ and short-term safety, not antibody titers or protection, so the question is unanswered [4][5].
What do vaccine guidelines say about NMN or NR?
CDC guidance on contraindications and precautions names severe immunocompromise (generally for live vaccines) and moderate or severe acute illness; it does not mention NMN or NR [3].
How long have NMN and NR been tested?
Trials ran about 4 to 12 weeks, and data beyond about 12 weeks are lacking [2]. NMN 1,250 mg once daily for up to 4 weeks in 31 adults caused no severe adverse events [6].
Does NMN interact with prescription drugs?
No human drug-interaction studies of NMN or NR, including CYP, transporter or pharmacodynamic studies, were found, so no specific interaction or lack of interaction has been shown [2].
References
- FDA docket FDA-2023-P-0872, response document. FDA docket FDA-2023-P-0872 response document (regulations.gov)
- Freeberg KA, Udovich CC, Martens CR, Seals DR, Craighead DH. Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2023;78(12):2435-2448. Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
- Contraindications and Precautions | Vaccines & Immunizations | CDC. Contraindications and Precautions | Vaccines & Immunizations | CDC
- Okabe K, Yaku K, Uchida Y, Fukamizu Y, Sato T, Sakurai T, et al. Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects. Front Nutr. 2022;9:868640. Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects
- Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, Lin Z, Vaidya A, Pendse S, et al. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. Geroscience. 2023;45(1):29-43. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial
- Fukamizu Y, Uchida Y, Shigekawa A, Sato T, Kosaka H, Sakurai T. Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):14442. Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women
- Martens CR, Denman BA, Mazzo MR, Armstrong ML, Reisdorph N, McQueen MB, et al. Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1286. Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults
- Berven H, Kverneng S, Sheard E, Søgnen M, Af Geijerstam SA, Haugarvoll K, et al. NR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind safety trial of high dose nicotinamide riboside in Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):7793. NR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind safety trial of high dose nicotinamide riboside in Parkinson's disease
- Dollerup OL, Christensen B, Svart M, Schmidt MS, Sulek K, Ringgaard S, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(2):343-353. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects